Distributed set point configuration in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing HVAC systems face challenges in efficiently managing temperature set-points across complex building structures, leading to inefficiencies and scalability issues, particularly in maintaining desired comfort levels while optimizing energy costs.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a hierarchical reinforcement learning approach that generates supply stream temperature set-points by identifying potential configuration actions and determining overall cost measures based on the hierarchical position of distribution channel elements within the HVAC system, utilizing a supervisory controller to adjust set-points and optimize system performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If centralized control methods are used to manage HVAC systems, then system coordination is improved, but device complexity and scalability deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the centralized control system into a hierarchical structure with multiple levels (building level, floor level, zone level). Each level independently manages specific distribution channel elements, breaking down the monolithic centralized controller into modular segments that can operate autonomously while maintaining system-wide coordination.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a hierarchical dimension to the control architecture, organizing controllers across multiple levels (supervisory, intermediate, local) rather than a single flat layer. This dimensional organization allows complex system coordination to be achieved through layered decision-making, reducing the complexity burden on any single controller.
2Manufacturing precision
If detailed centralized control is implemented across all distribution channel elements, then temperature set-point precision is improved, but computational cost and processing time increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables each distribution channel element to determine its own temperature set-point based on its specific hierarchical position, local thermal conditions, and operational parameters. This local decision-making capability allows precise temperature control tailored to each element's requirements without requiring centralized computation for every decision.
Solution Approach 2:
Distribution channel elements are empowered to autonomously determine their temperature set-points using local sensors and pre-defined cost measures, rather than relying on external centralized computation. This self-service approach eliminates processing delays associated with centralized decision-making while maintaining precision through locally-optimized control.
3Adaptability or versatility
If hierarchical distributed control is implemented, then scalability is improved, but system architecture complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs a universal hierarchical control architecture where controllers at different levels follow standardized protocols and communication interfaces. This universal framework allows the system to scale from small to large buildings without requiring fundamental architectural changes, as each new element integrates into the existing hierarchical structure using the same principles.
Solution Approach 2:
The control system is organized as nested hierarchical levels, with lower-level controllers embedded within higher-level structures. Each level manages a specific scope of distribution channel elements and can be independently configured, allowing the system to scale by adding nested layers rather than redesigning the entire architecture.
Data Source
AI summary
Method, apparatus and computer program product for generating a supply stream temperature set-point for a particular distribution channel element associated with a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. In one example, a method includes identifying a hierarchical position of the particular distribution channel element; identifying potential set point configuration actions associated with the particular distribution channel element, wherein each potential set point configuration action is expected to cause transition of the particular distribution channel element from a current state to a future state; determining an overall cost measure for each potential set point configuration action based at least in part on the hierarchical position of the particular distribution channel element, and generating the supply stream temperature set-point based on each overall cost measure associated with a potential set point configuration action.