High-Fat Flour Replacement via Emulsion Extrusion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Customers seek low-carbohydrate flour alternatives to wheat flour, but existing alternatives like almond flour are expensive, have supply issues, and raise environmental concerns.

Innovation Solution

A high-fat flour replacement is developed, comprising edible fats, an emulsifier, protein, and soluble fiber, processed to retain a high fat content while being dry in form, with a macronutrient profile similar to almond flour, using a combination of canola oil, sodium caseinate, soy protein, and soluble corn fiber, and produced through an emulsion formation and extrusion process.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If almond flour is used as a flour alternative, then low carbohydrate content is achieved, but production cost increases and supply reliability decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecarbohydrate contentVSAvoidproduction cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces expensive almond flour with a cost-effective blend of common ingredients including vegetable oils, eggs, proteins, and starches. This substitution uses inexpensive, readily available materials to achieve the desired low-carbohydrate flour alternative, directly addressing the high production cost issue while maintaining the low carbohydrate content.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite flour replacement by combining multiple ingredients (vegetable oils, eggs, proteins, starches, and other components) in specific proportions. This composite approach achieves the macronutrient profile of almond flour while using cheaper, more sustainable ingredients, thereby reducing production cost and improving supply reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Quantity of substance

If high fat content is incorporated in the flour replacement, then macronutrient profile similar to almond flour is achieved, but the product becomes oily and difficult to handle

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefat contentVSAvoidhandling ease
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses eggs as an intermediary binding agent that emulsifies and stabilizes the high fat content from vegetable oils. The eggs prevent the fat from separating and creating an oily texture, allowing the flour replacement to maintain high fat content (30-60%) while remaining handleable and suitable for baking applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention carefully controls the physical state parameters of the fat component by selecting vegetable oils with appropriate melting points and combining them with solidifying agents. This parameter control ensures the fat remains in a manageable state during storage and handling while providing the desired high fat content and macronutrient profile.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of manufacture

If sustainable and cost-effective ingredients are used, then production cost decreases and sustainability improves, but product performance may deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduction costVSAvoidproduct performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the macronutrient ratios of the ingredient blend to match almond flour's performance characteristics. By carefully adjusting the proportions of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and fibers, the invention achieves comparable baking performance, texture, and nutritional profile using sustainable, cost-effective ingredients, thereby maintaining product reliability while reducing cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The composite formulation combines multiple functional ingredients that complement each other's properties. The synergistic interaction between proteins, fats, starches, and binding agents in the blend replicates the performance of almond flour, ensuring that product quality and reliability are maintained despite using alternative, more sustainable ingredients.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The high-fat flour replacement is cost-effective, sustainable, and maintains a low carbohydrate content, suitable for various food products, preventing oiling out during manufacturing and providing a granular nature analogous to almond flour.

Implementation Method 1

forming an emulsion including a fat, water and an emulsifier

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEmulsion: Emulsion

Implementation Method 2

the emulsion and the blend of dry ingredients are combined in an extruder

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectExtrusion: Extrusion

Implementation Method 3

the extruded material is then dried (e.g., to a moisture content below about 10%, or below about 5%, or to about 3.5%)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentUS20240306652A1High-Fat Flour Replacement and Methods of Preparation
Publication Date: 2024.09.19 GENERAL MILLS INC

AI summary

A high-fat flour replacement includes a fat, an emulsifier, a protein, a starch and a soluble fiber. In preferred embodiments, the high-fat flour replacement is a finely ground particulate “flour”. The high-fat flour replacement can have a macronutrient profile analogous to that of almond flour. A process for producing a high-fat flour replacement includes a step of forming an emulsion including a fat, water and an emulsifier and a step of combining the emulsion with a blend of dry ingredients to form a composition (e.g., using an extruder). The blend of dry ingredients includes a protein, a starch and a soluble fiber. In preferred embodiments, the composition is processed in an extruder to form an extruded material (e.g., in the form of pellets). The fat in the emulsion becomes trapped in the composition during extrusion. In preferred embodiments, the extruded material is then dried and milled/ground to form flour-sized particulates.