High Frequency Generator Impedance Matching via PLL Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing ion engine technologies face inefficiencies due to impedance matching issues in high-frequency generators, leading to power losses and slow adjustments in plasma conditions, which are not quickly adaptable over a wide frequency range.

Innovation Solution

A device with a high-frequency generator equipped with a PLL control device that automatically adjusts impedance by forming a resonance circuit with a coupling capacitor and coil, using a transformer for impedance matching, allowing for rapid frequency and phase corrections to maintain optimal power coupling into the plasma.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If manual adjustment of impedance matching network is used, then impedance matching can be achieved, but the adjustment speed is slow and power losses occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimpedance matching capabilityVSAvoidadjustment time
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical adjustment system (manual switches and capacitors) with an electronic system using MOSFETs and inductors controlled by a microcontroller. This substitution enables automatic, rapid impedance matching through electronic control rather than mechanical adjustment, directly resolving the contradiction between matching capability and adjustment speed

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The system incorporates automatic impedance matching through a microcontroller that continuously monitors plasma conditions and adjusts the matching network parameters autonomously. This self-service mechanism eliminates the need for manual intervention and enables rapid adaptation to changing plasma states, resolving the time loss issue

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Ease of operation

If manual adjustment of impedance matching network is used, then impedance matching can be achieved, but significant power losses occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimpedance matching capabilityVSAvoidpower loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical adjustment components with solid-state electronic components (MOSFETs, inductors, capacitors) that can be rapidly and precisely controlled. This electronic system achieves better impedance matching with minimal power loss compared to mechanical systems, directly addressing the energy loss contradiction

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically changes electrical parameters (inductance and capacitance values) through electronic control of MOSFETs and variable components. This enables continuous optimization of the impedance matching network to maintain maximum power transfer efficiency under varying plasma conditions, reducing power losses

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Device complexity

If fixed frequency operation is used, then generator operation is simple, but adaptability to plasma state changes is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegenerator operation simplicityVSAvoidfrequency load range
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a dynamic frequency adjustment capability where the microcontroller modifies the operating frequency based on real-time plasma conditions. This transforms the fixed-frequency generator into a variable-frequency system that automatically adapts to plasma state changes while maintaining simple operation through automated control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system incorporates feedback mechanisms where the microcontroller monitors plasma parameters and uses this information to adjust the operating frequency and impedance matching parameters. This closed-loop control enables the generator to adapt to a wide frequency load range while maintaining operational simplicity through automatic adjustment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

4Adaptability or versatility

If impedance matching network is designed for wide frequency range, then frequency adaptability is improved, but power losses increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency load rangeVSAvoidpower loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses variable inductors and capacitors controlled by MOSFETs that can dynamically change their electrical parameters. This enables the impedance matching network to be optimized for the current operating frequency, maintaining high efficiency across a wide frequency range rather than being compromised for broad coverage

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The replacement of mechanical adjustment mechanisms with solid-state electronic control enables precise, rapid adjustment of the impedance matching network parameters. This electronic control system maintains optimal matching across frequency changes with minimal power loss, resolving the contradiction between wide frequency adaptability and energy efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables efficient and fast impedance matching, minimizing power losses and ensuring maximum power transfer to the plasma, with a high degree of efficiency and flexibility across a wide frequency range without mechanical adjustments.

Implementation Method 1

a coupling coil wound around the discharge vessel for supplying high-frequency energy necessary for plasma excitation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

the high-frequency generator has a PLL control device for automatic impedance matching of the resonant circuit, so that the resonant circuit can be operated at a resonant frequency

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResonance: Resonance

Data Source

PatentEP2020672B1High frequency generator for ion and electron sources
Publication Date: 2020.05.06 ARIANEGRP GMBH
  • EP2020672B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2020672B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2020672B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The device has a coupling coil (5) that supplies high frequency energy for performing plasma excitation. A coupling capacitor (22) is electrically coupled with the coil. A high frequency generator (16) i.e. radio frequency generator, is electrically coupled with the coil. The generator with the capacitor forms a resonant circuit e.g. series resonant circuit. The generator has a phase locked loop control device that automatically performs impedance matching of the circuit, so that the circuit is operated by using resonance frequency.