High-Voltage Switch Circuit Using Elevator-Controlled Low-Voltage Transistors

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional high-voltage switch circuits rely on high-voltage rating transistors, leading to increased manufacturing costs due to thick gate oxide, large area occupation, and dedicated manufacturing steps.

Innovation Solution

A switch circuit design using low-voltage rating transistors with elevator circuits that shift control signals to higher voltage domains, allowing the circuit to manage high voltages without requiring high-voltage rated devices.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If high-voltage rating transistors are used to handle high voltages (0 V to 5 V), then the circuit can switch between high voltage and low voltage, but the manufacturing cost increases due to thick gate oxide, large area occupation, and dedicated manufacturing steps

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage handling capabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

Elevator circuits are introduced as intermediary voltage-shifting devices that translate low-voltage control signals (0 V to 2.5 V) into high-voltage control signals (0 V to 5 V). This allows low-voltage transistors to control high-voltage switches without requiring the transistors themselves to be rated for high voltage, thereby reducing manufacturing costs while maintaining voltage handling capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the voltage parameter of control signals through elevator circuits. By shifting the voltage level of control signals from low-voltage domain (0 V to 2.5 V) to high-voltage domain (0 V to 5 V), the system enables low-voltage transistors to effectively control high-voltage switches, resolving the contradiction between voltage handling and manufacturing cost

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If high-voltage rating transistors are used, then the circuit can operate at high voltages up to 5 V, but the area occupation increases due to thick gate oxide and large device sizing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage ratingVSAvoidcircuit area
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

Elevator circuits serve as voltage-level intermediaries that allow low-voltage transistors (with smaller area) to control high-voltage switches. The elevator circuits shift control signals from low-voltage to high-voltage domains, enabling high-voltage operation without requiring physically large high-voltage transistors, thus reducing overall circuit area

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The control function is segmented into two parts: low-voltage control signals generated by standard logic circuits, and high-voltage control signals produced by elevator circuits. This segmentation allows the use of compact low-voltage transistors for control functions while maintaining high-voltage capability through the elevator circuit mechanism

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Reliability

If high-voltage rating transistors are implemented, then the switch circuit can handle high voltages, but dedicated manufacturing steps and masks are required increasing complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehigh-voltage capabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Elevator circuits act as intermediary devices that bridge the gap between low-voltage control logic and high-voltage switches. By introducing these voltage-shifting intermediaries, the patent eliminates the need for dedicated high-voltage transistor manufacturing steps and masks, as standard low-voltage transistors can be used throughout the process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The elevator circuits provide multi-functionality by serving both as voltage shifters and as level translators. They enable the same manufacturing process and transistor design to be used across different voltage domains, eliminating the need for separate high-voltage device fabrication processes and reducing overall manufacturing complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP4496222B1High-voltage switch circuit and corresponding method of operation
Publication Date: 2025.12.31 STMICROELECTRONICS INT NV
  • EP4496222B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4496222B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4496222B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A switch circuit (30) includes a first (301) and a second (302) input nodes to receive a first (Vin1) and a second (Vin2) input voltages, and an output node (304) to produce an output voltage (Vout) switchable between the first and second input voltages. A first (P1a) and a second (P1b) pass devices are arranged in series between the first input node and the output node. A third (P2a) and a fourth (P2b) pass devices are arranged in series between the second input node and the output node. A first (321a), a second (321b), a third (322a) and a fourth (322b) elevator circuits control, respectively, the first (P1a), second (P1b), third (P2a) and fourth (P2b) pass devices. The first elevator circuit is biased between the first input voltage and a shifted ground voltage (s_GND). The third elevator circuit is biased between the second input voltage and a ground voltage (GND) . The second and fourth elevator circuits are biased between the output voltage (Vout) and an elevated ground voltage (e_GND).