Highly efficient heating system using air-water-heat pump

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional heating systems with heat pumps face inefficiencies due to complex control issues, particularly 'clocking' problems, where frequent switching occurs, leading to high load on the heat pump and reduced efficiency, especially in highly insulated buildings with varying thermal resistances.

Innovation Solution

A heating system that employs a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control block and a clock generator to regulate the heat pump's operation, allowing for stable and continuous temperature control by adjusting the duty cycle of the heat pump's on-off signal based on temperature deviations, enabling efficient operation across a wide range of flow temperatures.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If a higher flow temperature is used to achieve stable temperature control, then temperature stability is improved, but heat pump efficiency deteriorates significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature stabilityVSAvoidheat pump efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts the heat pump's operating parameters including flow temperature based on real-time heating demand and outdoor conditions. The control system modulates the heat pump output to match actual requirements, avoiding fixed high temperature operation that wastes energy while maintaining temperature stability when needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the flow temperature parameter dynamically rather than maintaining a fixed high temperature. The control system adjusts temperature setpoints based on outdoor temperature, heating demand, and heat pump performance characteristics, optimizing the balance between temperature stability and energy efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Loss of energy

If the flow temperature is reduced to increase heat pump efficiency, then heat pump efficiency is improved, but the switching frequency increases leading to more frequent starts and stops

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat pump efficiencyVSAvoidswitching frequency
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The control system performs preliminary heating actions by raising the flow temperature above the immediate requirement when the heat pump is running. This creates a thermal buffer that prevents frequent cycling by ensuring the temperature remains above the switch-off threshold for longer periods, reducing start-stop frequency while maintaining efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system cushions against temperature fluctuations by maintaining a temperature margin above the minimum required level. This cushion prevents the temperature from dropping to the switch-off point too quickly, thereby reducing the frequency of restarts and improving operational reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

3Device complexity

If mixing valves are omitted to simplify the system, then device complexity is reduced, but temperature regulation precision deteriorates due to thermal resistance in the heat distribution system

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem complexityVSAvoidtemperature regulation precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The control system implements feedback control by continuously monitoring the flow temperature and comparing it with the desired setpoint. Based on the temperature deviation, the system adjusts the heat pump operation to compensate for thermal resistance effects in the heat distribution system, maintaining precise temperature regulation without requiring mixing valves.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

4Ease of operation

If inverter control is used to allow continuous operation, then switching frequency is reduced, but the heat output remains too high during low demand periods due to high Carnot efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching frequencyVSAvoidheat output
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The control system applies partial action by operating the heat pump at reduced capacity during low demand periods. Rather than running at full power continuously, the system modulates the compressor speed and refrigerant flow to provide only the necessary heat output, preventing overheating while maintaining continuous operation benefits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system achieves precise and stable room temperature regulation, reducing switching frequency and improving heat pump efficiency by allowing necessary flow temperature fluctuations, thus minimizing energy losses and maintaining comfort.

Implementation Method 1

a heat generation system with at least one heat pump (111)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat pump: Heat Engine

Implementation Method 2

a predominantly water-based heat transport system (2)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 3

a predominantly water-based heat transport system (2)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 4

a heat emission system with at least one surface heat emission module (31, 32)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation: Thermal Radiation

Data Source

PatentEP2674684B1Highly efficient heating system using air-water-heat pump
Publication Date: 2020.09.30 GRUNING HORST
  • EP2674684B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2674684B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2e
  • EP2674684B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3d

AI summary

A heating system for buildings with a heat pump (111), a water-based heat transport system (2), heat dissipation mainly via surface modules (31, 32) such as underfloor or wall heating and a control system (5) with indoor temperature recording (51) is controlled via a PID Control block (53) controlled. A clock generator (54) enables the heat output generated to be infinitely adjusted over the entire range from 0% to 100% of the rated output. The heating system is characterized by easy adjustability, high control stability and high efficiency.