Hinged Manual Resuscitator Control for Tidal Volume and Breath Rate
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing manual resuscitators face challenges in delivering consistent and safe ventilation due to issues such as inadequate tidal volumes, excessive airway pressures, and inconsistent breath rates, leading to complications like gastric insufflation, reduced venous return, and lung injury, despite efforts to improve operator technique.
Innovation Solution
A hinged device with mechanical stopping features and timing mechanisms is integrated into the manual resuscitator to regulate tidal volumes and breath rates, providing uniform compression and preventing over- or under-ventilation, guided by visual and auditory feedback.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If manual resuscitators are used to provide artificial ventilation, then ventilation can be delivered to the patient, but inconsistent tidal volumes and breath rates are delivered leading to inadequate or excessive ventilation
Solution Approach 1:
The device incorporates an automated control system that autonomously regulates tidal volume and breath rate without requiring skilled operator technique. The system self-adjusts compression force and duration based on pre-set parameters, eliminating dependency on operator expertise while maintaining reliable ventilation delivery.
Solution Approach 2:
The device allows programming of specific ventilation parameters (tidal volume, breath rate, compression force) that are then maintained consistently throughout operation. This parameter control mechanism ensures reliable ventilation delivery regardless of operator skill level, directly addressing the inconsistency problem.
2Productivity
If higher ventilatory rate is used to compensate for small tidal volumes, then more frequent breaths are delivered, but overall ventilation effectiveness decreases due to increased deadspace proportion
Solution Approach 1:
The device incorporates sensors that monitor actual tidal volume delivery and breath rate, providing feedback to the control system. This feedback mechanism ensures that the programmed ventilation parameters are accurately achieved, preventing the deadspace problem by maintaining appropriate tidal volume proportions even at higher breath rates.
Solution Approach 2:
The ventilation parameters including tidal volume and breath rate are pre-programmed before operation begins. This preliminary setup ensures that the optimal balance between tidal volume and breath rate is established in advance, preventing the deadspace issue from occurring during ventilation delivery.
3Quantity of substance
If increased compression force is applied to the fluid chamber to generate larger tidal volumes, then more air is delivered to the patient, but excessive airway pressures are generated causing gastric insufflation and lung injury
Solution Approach 1:
The device dynamically adjusts compression force in real-time based on patient resistance and achieved tidal volume. The control system modulates the compression applied to the fluid chamber, increasing force only as needed to achieve the programmed tidal volume while automatically reducing force if resistance increases, thereby preventing excessive airway pressures and associated complications.
Solution Approach 2:
The device incorporates pressure-limiting mechanisms that are pre-configured to prevent airway pressure from exceeding safe thresholds. This protective feature is built into the system before operation, cushioning against the harmful effects of excessive compression force and preventing gastric insufflation and barotrauma even if operator force is excessive.
4Reliability
If one hand is used to maintain face mask seal, then the airway is secured, but the other hand cannot adequately compress the fluid chamber to generate sufficient tidal volume
Solution Approach 1:
The device automates the fluid chamber compression function, eliminating the need for manual hand operation. The self-service mechanism independently performs the compression task with consistent force and duration, allowing the operator to fully focus on maintaining the face mask seal with one hand while the device handles ventilation delivery autonomously.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided herein are devices, systems, and methods for delivering safe and effective amounts of air to subject in need thereof. In particular, devices, systems, and methods are provided that prevent over- or under-ventilation of subject.