Hip Impaction Depth Tracking System
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Solution Overview
Problem
Surgeons face challenges in accurately monitoring the trajectory and depth of reaming and impaction during hip replacement surgery due to limited visibility and access, despite the use of computer-aided and robot-guided systems, which can lead to deviations from the surgical plan.
Innovation Solution
A surgical system that includes a tracking device, a controllable surgical device, and a computing device to track the spatial pose of the end effector and acetabulum, determine the spatial pose of the prosthetic cup, and provide real-time feedback on the depth of impaction, allowing for accurate comparison with the surgical plan and corrective visual feedback.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of information
If computer-aided and robot-guided systems are used to assist hip replacement surgery, then surgical planning and guidance are improved, but the ability to accurately monitor trajectory and depth of impaction in real-time remains insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the tracking system continuously monitors the position and orientation of the impactor and prosthetic cup, compares the actual depth of impaction with the planned depth, and provides real-time visual feedback to the surgeon through a display device. This closed-loop feedback system enables the surgeon to make immediate corrections to ensure the prosthetic cup is implanted at the correct depth and orientation, resolving the contradiction between having surgical guidance systems and achieving accurate real-time depth monitoring.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces traditional mechanical measurement methods (such as physical depth gauges and manual trajectory assessment) with an optical/electromagnetic tracking system that uses electromagnetic fields to detect the position of tracked instruments. This substitution of mechanical systems with field-based detection enables continuous, non-contact, real-time monitoring of impaction depth and trajectory with high precision, overcoming the limitations of mechanical measurement systems.
2Ease of operation
If the surgeon manually monitors trajectory and depth during impaction, then direct control is maintained, but accuracy is compromised due to limited visibility and access
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediary tracking system that acts as a mediator between the surgeon's manual control actions and the actual position of the surgical instruments. The tracking system attaches to the impactor and prosthetic cup, continuously reporting their positions to the computing device, which then provides visual feedback to the surgeon. This intermediary system enhances the surgeon's ability to monitor and control trajectory and depth without compromising manual dexterity, resolving the contradiction between ease of manual operation and measurement precision.
3Measurement precision
If real-time tracking and feedback systems are implemented, then monitoring accuracy is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs the tracking system to serve multiple functions: it tracks the position and orientation of the impactor, monitors the depth of impaction, verifies trajectory alignment, and provides real-time visual feedback. By making the tracking system multi-functional, the patent reduces the need for separate specialized devices for each measurement task, thereby improving measurement precision while limiting the increase in overall device complexity.
Data Source
AI summary
A method for determining a depth of impaction of a prosthetic cup into an acetabulum using an end effector and a movable impactor shaft is provided, wherein the prosthetic cup may be positioned at a distal end of the impactor shaft. The method may position the distal end of the impactor shaft at a known pose relative to the end effector, track a spatial pose of the end effector relative to a spatial pose of the acetabulum, determine a spatial pose of the prosthetic cup based on the spatial pose of the end effector and the known pose between the distal end of the impactor shaft and the end effector, and determine the depth of impaction based on the spatial pose of the prosthetic cup and the spatial pose of the acetabulum.