Hip Navigation With Patient-Specific Jigs for Cup Alignment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Hip replacement surgeries often result in poor placement of cup and ball components due to misalignment, leading to complications like hip dislocation and altered leg length, which are inefficient and unsatisfactory for patients and healthcare systems.
Innovation Solution
A hip joint navigation system using modular components with optical and inertial sensors to secure to the pelvis, allowing precise alignment and measurement of leg length and joint offset, and a patient-specific jig system for improved acetabular orientation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional instrumentation is used for hip replacement, then the surgical procedure is simple and quick, but the alignment accuracy of cup and ball components deteriorates, leading to poor placement and high dislocation rates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces conventional mechanical alignment instrumentation with an optical-mechanical hybrid navigation system. Optical sensors and cameras detect anatomical landmarks and component positions, while computers process this data to provide real-time alignment guidance, substituting purely mechanical measurement methods with optical-field-based precision measurement.
Solution Approach 2:
The navigation system introduces computer software and optical sensing as intermediaries between the surgeon's mechanical actions and the anatomical structures. The computer acts as a mediator that receives data from optical sensors tracking anatomical landmarks and instrument positions, processes this information, and provides feedback to guide precise component placement.
2Ease of operation
If patient is moved from supine to lateral position for posterior approach surgery, then surgical access is improved, but workflow efficiency deteriorates due to breaking sterility and re-draping
Solution Approach 1:
The navigation system performs preliminary registration of the Anterior Pelvic Plane while the patient is in the supine position with full sterility intact. By completing the critical reference frame establishment before position change, the system eliminates the need to break sterility and re-drape during positioning, maintaining continuous sterile field throughout the surgery.
Solution Approach 2:
The navigation system dynamically adapts to patient repositioning by maintaining the registered Anterior Pelvic Plane reference frame. The system allows the patient to be moved from supine to lateral position while preserving the previously established coordinate system, enabling continuous navigation guidance without interrupting the sterile workflow.
3Manufacturing precision
If cup placement is performed without navigation guidance, then the surgical procedure is faster and simpler, but the placement accuracy deteriorates, resulting in high revision rates
Solution Approach 1:
The navigation system implements real-time feedback by continuously tracking the position and orientation of surgical instruments and anatomical landmarks. The computer processes this data and provides immediate guidance to the surgeon about cup and ball component alignment, allowing real-time correction of placement errors and ensuring components are positioned within optimal alignment parameters.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances the accuracy of hip joint component placement, reducing the risk of dislocation and leg length discrepancies, thereby improving surgical outcomes and reducing the need for revision surgeries.
Implementation Method 1
The optical component can be configured to project light toward a portion of a extremity of the patient. The optical component can be configured to determine the orientation of the extremity pre-operatively and/or post-operatively.
Data Source
AI summary
A hip joint navigation system is provided that includes a base having at least one channel disposed therethrough for receiving a pin for mounting the base to the pelvis. A mount feature is disposed on a top surface. A registration jig is configured to couple with the base and to engage anatomical landmarks. In some aspects, a patient specific jig system for hip replacement is provided including an engagement surface formed to closely mate to acetabular bone contours of a specific patient and a registration feature configured to be in a pre-determined orientation relative to an acetabulum the patient when the jig is coupled with acetabular bone contours of the specific patient. In other aspects, methods of using the systems are provided.