HLA-B*08 Restricted Peptides for Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, often come with severe side effects and high costs, necessitating the identification of effective and less invasive methods for cancer treatment and diagnosis, particularly for cancers like glioblastoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and lung cancer.
Innovation Solution
Development of novel peptide sequences and their variants derived from HLA class I molecules of human tumor cells, which can be used in vaccine compositions to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses or as targets for pharmaceutically/immunologically active compounds and cells.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If chemotherapy and radiation are used to treat cancer, then cancer cells are killed, but severe side effects and high costs occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts specific peptide sequences (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1-251) from tumor-associated proteins that are presented by HLA-B*08 molecules. These extracted peptides serve as targeted immunogens that specifically recognize tumor cells expressing HLA-B*08, avoiding the non-specific damage caused by chemotherapy and radiation. The peptides are derived from tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens, enabling selective immune targeting.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses HLA-B*08 restricted peptides as intermediaries to bridge the immune system and tumor cells. These peptides act as mediators that present tumor-specific information to T cells through HLA-B*08 molecules, enabling the immune system to specifically identify and attack tumor cells without the harmful non-specific effects of conventional therapies. The peptide-HLA complex serves as a selective mediator for immune recognition.
2Reliability
If conventional cancer treatments are applied, then tumor growth is inhibited, but treatment costs increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs synthetic peptides as disposable, cost-effective immunogens. These short-lived peptide molecules (e.g., 9-20 amino acids) can be synthesized cheaply using standard peptide synthesis methods and do not require expensive infrastructure like chemotherapy drugs or radiation equipment. The peptides are used in vaccine formulations that can be produced and administered at lower costs compared to conventional treatments.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent enables the patient's own immune system to perform the therapeutic work of killing tumor cells. By using tumor-associated peptides as vaccines, the patient's T cells are activated to autonomously recognize and destroy tumor cells expressing HLA-B*08. This self-service approach eliminates the need for continuous expensive treatment administration, as the immune system provides ongoing surveillance and attack capability.
3Reliability
If peptide vaccines are developed to stimulate immune responses, then anti-tumor immunity is enhanced, but vaccine composition complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments tumor-associated antigens into specific HLA-B*08 restricted peptide sequences (e.g., 9-20 amino acids). Instead of using whole proteins or complex antigen preparations, the antigens are divided into discrete peptide segments that can be individually synthesized and characterized. This segmentation simplifies vaccine composition by focusing on specific immunogenic peptides rather than complex protein mixtures.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes peptide parameters such as length (9-20 amino acids), amino acid sequence, and binding affinity to HLA-B*08 molecules. By carefully controlling these parameters, the vaccine composition is simplified while maintaining high immunogenicity. The peptides are designed to meet specific criteria for MHC binding and T cell recognition, reducing the need for complex adjuvants or formulation components.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.