Semi-Continuous Casting Hollow Ingot Mold Dynamics

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for producing large diameter hollow ingots face issues such as out-of-center internal holes, frequent breakouts, inconsistent dimensions, long cooling times, and slow casting rates, making them inefficient and costly.

Innovation Solution

A semi-continuous casting method using a mold with an inner and outer pipe forming an annular space for cooling media, where the mold center is progressively moved downward, and the source material is melted using electron beam guns or other methods, with controlled cooling to form a metallic hollow ingot.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a stationary mandrel is used in a molten pool for casting hollow ingots, then hollow ingots can be produced, but the casting rate is slow and dimensions are inconsistent

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecasting rateVSAvoiddimensional consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The mandrel is made movable rather than stationary, allowing it to be progressively withdrawn from the molten pool during casting. This dynamic approach enables continuous casting while maintaining dimensional control through regulated mandrel movement, thereby increasing productivity without sacrificing manufacturing precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The casting process is made continuous by continuously feeding source material into the molten pool and progressively withdrawing the mandrel simultaneously. This eliminates the need to stop and reset the mandrel after each ingot, maintaining continuous productive action and significantly increasing casting rate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

2Temperature

If cooling media is circulated through an annular space to cool the ingot, then cooling efficiency improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling efficiencyVSAvoidmold structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The mold is segmented into an inner mandrel and an outer mold with an annular cooling space between them. This segmentation allows independent optimization of each component and enables efficient cooling through the annular space without requiring a completely redesigned monolithic mold structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The annular space acts as an intermediary cooling channel between the molten metal and the cooling media. This intermediate space efficiently transfers heat from the ingot to the cooling media flowing through the annular region, improving cooling efficiency while adding only moderate structural complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Productivity

If source material is continuously fed and mandrel is progressively moved downward, then productivity increases, but process control difficulty increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecasting rateVSAvoidprocess control
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The process incorporates feedback mechanisms where the position of the mandrel, the rate of source material feeding, and the cooling media flow are monitored and adjusted to maintain optimal casting conditions. This feedback control enables continuous high-productivity casting while maintaining ease of operation through automated regulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The process dynamically adjusts parameters such as mandrel withdrawal rate, source material feeding rate, and cooling media flow rate to optimize casting conditions. By systematically controlling these parameter changes, the process achieves high productivity while maintaining operational simplicity through established parameter relationships.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method increases casting rate, reduces downstream processing time and cost, and ensures consistent dimensions and surface quality of the hollow ingots.

Implementation Method 1

circulating a cooling media in the annular space

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

circulating a cooling media

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 3

melting the source material using one or more electron beam guns

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectron beam heating: Electron Beam

Implementation Method 4

melting the source material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical energy to thermal energy conversion: Joule Heating

Implementation Method 5

moving the mold center progressively downward relative to the outer mold

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGravity: Gravitation

Implementation Method 6

solidifying the source material to form a metallic hollow ingot

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSolidification: Freezing

Data Source

PatentEP2411170B1Method and apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots and products resulting therefrom
Publication Date: 2015.09.30 TITANIUM METALS CORP
  • EP2411170B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2411170B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2C
  • EP2411170B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

Methods and associated apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots are described. In one embodiment a method for the semi-continuous casting of a metallic hollow ingot is provided. The method includes providing a mold comprising a mold center having an inner pipe and an outer pipe arranged to form an annular space for a cooling media and an outer mold, circulating a cooling media in the annular space, feeding a source material to the mold, heating the source material to produce a molten material, moving the mold center progressively downward relative to the outer mold, and solidifying the molten material to form a hollow ingot. Embodiments relating to an apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots, and products resulting from the semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots are also described.