Holographic Imaging System Volume Segmentation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional imaging systems are inadequate for scanning large volumes, such as stadium entryways with crowds, due to their complexity, high cost, and limited capability to penetrate visible barriers, necessitating the development of more efficient and cost-effective holographic imaging technologies for security screening.

Innovation Solution

A method and apparatus for large volume holographic imaging that decompose a target volume into sub-volumes, determine projection operators and point aggregation operators based on sensor array architecture and spatial relationships, and generate images using holographic field measurement data, enabling efficient scanning and detection of concealed objects.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Volume of moving object

If conventional radio frequency imaging systems are used to scan large volumes, then imaging capability is achieved, but device complexity and cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvescan volumeVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the large target volume into multiple smaller sub-volumes and processes them separately. This segmentation allows the system to handle large volumes by breaking them into manageable chunks, reducing the computational complexity and memory requirements while maintaining the ability to image entire large spaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from conventional 2D imaging to 3D volumetric imaging by adding the depth dimension through time-of-flight measurements. This dimensional expansion enables scanning of large volumes while using holographic interferometry to extract three-dimensional information from the reflected radio waves.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Measurement precision

If conventional radio frequency imaging systems are used, then imaging capability is achieved, but processing cost and computing power requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimaging precisionVSAvoidcomputing power
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The patent pre-calculates and stores projection operators and aggregation operators before actual imaging occurs. These pre-computed operators are reused during the imaging process, significantly reducing the real-time computational burden while maintaining high measurement precision through accurate projection and aggregation operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses holographic field data to create virtual copies of the target volume and its sub-volumes. By working with these computational copies rather than direct measurements, the system can perform multiple analysis passes and iterations without additional physical measurements, reducing overall computing power requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Volume of stationary object

If conventional imaging systems are used, then small volume imaging is achieved, but capability to image large volumes is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimaged volumeVSAvoidvolume adaptability
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of stationary objectVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a dynamic processing approach where the system can adaptively adjust the number and size of sub-volumes based on the total target volume being scanned. This dynamic configuration allows the same system to efficiently image both small and large volumes by optimizing the segmentation parameters for each specific application.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a universal imaging system that can handle various volume sizes through the use of scalable sub-volume decomposition. The same core algorithms and processing pipeline work for both small and large volumes, making the system versatile across different application scenarios without requiring separate specialized systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Measurement precision

If high computing power processing is used, then imaging accuracy is improved, but operation cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoidoperating cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs computationally intensive operations in advance, including calculating projection operators, aggregation operators, and other transformation matrices before actual imaging takes place. This preliminary computation shifts the high energy consumption to an offline setup phase, allowing the actual imaging operation to run with much lower power requirements while maintaining high detection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the processing parameters by using pre-computed operators with optimized data structures and formats. By transforming the raw holographic data through these pre-configured operators, the system achieves high measurement precision with reduced computational effort during the actual imaging phase, thereby lowering operating costs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables high-speed, cost-effective scanning of large crowds with improved penetration through visible barriers, facilitating real-time detection of concealed threats in dense environments without invasive personal privacy measures.

Implementation Method 1

holographic field measurement data captured for the target volume via the sensor array

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHolography:

Implementation Method 2

radio waves that reflect off metals and other materials and can therefore be used for imaging purposes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation reflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentUS11372126B2Large volume holographic imaging systems and associated methods
Publication Date: 2022.06.28 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
  • US11372126B2 patent drawing
  • US11372126B2 patent drawing
  • US11372126B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A method for large volume holographic imaging is provided that may include determining projection operators within sub-volumes of a decomposed target volume, and determining a point aggregation operator for each sub-volume based on the projection operators. The method may further include receiving holographic field measurement data set captured for the target volume via the sensor array, generating a sub-volume interest value for each sub-volume by applying the holographic field measurement data set to each point aggregation operator, determining a sub-volume with a highest sub-volume interest value, and determining respective lower-tier sub-volume interest values for lower-tier sub-volumes of the sub-volume with the highest sub-volume interest value. The lower-tier sub-volumes may be defined by decomposing the sub-volume with the highest sub-volume interest value. Additionally, the method may include generating an image of the target volume based on the lower-tier sub-volume interest values.