Horse Insect Repellent Formulation for Long Shelf Life
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing insect repellents for horses, such as those based on garlic oil, have limited effectiveness and shelf life, and are prone to losing sprayability due to improper storage, requiring frequent reapplication.
Innovation Solution
A formulation comprising an emulsion base, acrylic acid stabilizer, emulsifier, and piperidine-containing active ingredient, such as Saltidin, with specific weight percentages, ensuring effective insect repellency for up to 8 hours, even after improper storage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If garlic oil is used as the active ingredient in the repellent, then the repellent provides insect-repellent effect, but the shelf life and sprayability are limited and may be lost after improper storage
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by replacing garlic oil with piperidine-containing compounds (such as picaridin or ethyl picaridin) as the active ingredient. This chemical substitution resolves the contradiction because piperidine compounds maintain their effectiveness and physical properties (including sprayability) throughout the extended shelf life period, unlike garlic oil which degrades over time.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite formulation combining piperidine-containing active ingredients with specific emulsion bases, stabilizers, and emulsifiers in defined proportions. This composite approach ensures both long shelf life and maintained sprayability by using the synergistic interaction of components, where the emulsion system preserves the active ingredient's properties during storage.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If garlic oil is used as the active ingredient, then the repellent masks the odor of horses, but the repellent effect is limited and requires frequent reapplication
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the active ingredient from garlic oil to piperidine-containing compounds, which fundamentally alters the mechanism of action. While garlic oil primarily masks odor, piperidine compounds provide direct insecticidal and repellent effects, extending the duration of action to 8 hours or more while maintaining effectiveness against various insect types.
3Ease of operation
If sprayable formulation is used for convenience, then the application process is simplified, but the formulation may lose sprayability after improper storage
Solution Approach 1:
The patent develops a composite emulsion formulation specifically designed to maintain sprayability during storage. The formulation includes piperidine-containing active ingredients combined with appropriate emulsion bases, stabilizers, and emulsifiers in optimized proportions, creating a system that preserves its liquid properties and sprayability throughout the shelf life period.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the physical parameters of the formulation, including viscosity, surface tension, and emulsion stability, to ensure the sprayable characteristic is maintained. By controlling these parameters through selective ingredient selection and formulation design, the repellent remains suitable for spray application throughout its shelf life.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The formulation provides enhanced insect repellency against biting flies, horseflies, and ticks with a long-lasting effect, maintaining sprayability and shelf life up to 24 months.
Implementation Method 1
at least one emulsion base with a weight percentage between 1.0 wt. % and 5.0 wt. % based on a unit amount of the formulation
Implementation Method 2
at least one acrylic acid-based stabilizer with a weight percentage of between 0.05 wt. % and 2.0 wt. % based on a unit amount of the formulation
Implementation Method 3
at least one emulsifier with a weight percentage of between 0.01 wt. % and 2.0 wt. % based on a unit amount of the formulation
Data Source
AI summary
A repellent for horses has a formulation which comprises at least the following: at least one emulsion base with a weight percentage between 1.0 wt. % and 5.0 wt. % relative to a unit amount of the formulation, at least one stabilizer based on acrylic acid with a weight percentage between 0.15 wt. % and 2.0 wt. % based on a unit amount of the formulation, at least one emulsifier with a weight percentage of between 0.1 wt. % and 2.0 wt. % based on a unit amount of the formulation, at least one piperidine-containing active ingredient with a weight percentage of between 10.0 wt. % and 30.0 wt. % based on a unit amount of the formulation, and water.