Host Application User Agent Mapping for Zero Day Threat Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current anti-malware systems rely on signature-based detection methods that are ineffective against zero-day threats and botnets that randomize their HTTP user-agent communications, failing to detect unknown malware and evaded defenses.

Innovation Solution

A host application to user-agent mapping technique is employed, where network devices intercept and analyze HTTP traffic to build a mapping table, identifying deviations from known patterns and generating alerts for potential malware, even in cases of randomized user-agent data, allowing for signatureless detection of malware and zero-day threats.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If signature-based detection methods are used, then known malware can be detected, but zero-day threats and randomized user-agent communications cannot be detected

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoiddetection coverage
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically builds and updates a mapping table that associates host applications with their expected user-agent strings. This mapping evolves over time as new applications are observed and their user-agent patterns are learned, allowing the system to adapt to changing traffic patterns while maintaining detection accuracy for both known and unknown threats

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary mapping table that sits between the host application layer and the user-agent analysis layer. This mapping table serves as a mediator that translates host application identification into expected user-agent patterns, enabling detection without relying on traditional malware signatures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If user-agent signature matching is employed, then malware communication can be identified, but randomized user-agent strings evade detection

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection reliabilityVSAvoidevasion capability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary action by pre-establishing the mapping between host applications and their expected user-agent strings before malware attempts to communicate. This advance preparation allows the system to immediately recognize and flag deviations from expected patterns, preventing evasion by randomized user-agent strings

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements feedback by continuously monitoring HTTP traffic, comparing observed user-agent strings against the established mapping table, and using the results to update and refine the mapping. This feedback loop enhances detection reliability while adapting to new malware evasion techniques

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If traditional anti-malware systems are used, then known threats are detected, but new zero-day threats go undetected

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethreat identification accuracyVSAvoiddetection delay
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary action by establishing baseline user-agent mappings for legitimate applications before malware infection occurs. This allows for immediate detection of zero-day threats that deviate from these baselines, eliminating the detection delay inherent in signature-based systems that wait for threat intelligence updates

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system provides self-service by automatically building and maintaining its own detection rules through the host application to user-agent mapping table. This eliminates dependence on external signature databases and threat intelligence feeds, enabling immediate detection of new threats without waiting for updates

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP3183840B1Zero day threat detection using host application/program to user agent mapping
Publication Date: 2020.10.07 MCAFEE LLC
  • EP3183840B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3183840B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3183840B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A technique allows associating host applications and user agents in network traffic and detecting possible malware without relying on signatures of the user agents. A database of host applications and user agents is maintained, allowing automatic update of the database when a new application or new application to user agent mapping is discovered. Partial matches may be made when a change is made to the application, allowing learning the new mapping automatically. If an application is associated with more than a threshold number of user agents, an indication may be generated that the application is suspicious and possibly malware.