Humic Acid Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction for Aflatoxin Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting aflatoxins in edible oils are cumbersome, costly, and inefficient, particularly due to high matrix interference and low recovery rates, making large-scale detection challenging and resource-intensive.
Innovation Solution
A dispersive solid-phase extraction material is developed using humic acid, which is purified through ultrasonic washing, heating reflux, and sieving, allowing for efficient extraction and purification of aflatoxins with reduced matrix interference and lower costs.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If immunoaffinity columns (IAC) or multifunctional columns (MFC) are used for sample pretreatment, then detection accuracy is improved, but detection cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses disposable solid-phase extraction cartridges with a single-use extraction medium instead of expensive reusable IAC or MFC columns. The cartridge is discarded after one use, eliminating the need for costly column regeneration or replacement while maintaining effective aflatoxin extraction at a lower cost per test.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts and removes the harmful matrix components (triglycerides, fatty acids, pigments) from the edible oil sample using solid-phase extraction, separating them from the aflatoxins. This extraction step eliminates interference in subsequent detection while preserving the target analytes, achieving both accuracy and cost-effectiveness.
2Quantity of substance
If liquid-liquid extraction is performed for sample pretreatment, then aflatoxin extraction is improved, but organic reagent consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the liquid-liquid extraction system (which requires large volumes of organic solvents) with a solid-phase extraction system. The solid-phase cartridge uses minimal or no organic reagents, relying instead on adsorption mechanisms to extract aflatoxins directly from the oil matrix, thereby dramatically reducing organic solvent consumption while maintaining extraction efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs porous solid-phase extraction material within the cartridge that provides high surface area for adsorption. This porous structure enables efficient aflatoxin uptake from the sample with minimal reagent volume, replacing the bulk liquid-liquid extraction approach that consumes excessive organic solvents.
3Manufacturing precision
If separation of extraction step and purification step is performed, then purification effectiveness is improved, but operation complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the extraction and purification steps into a single integrated solid-phase extraction process performed in one cartridge. As the sample passes through the cartridge, aflatoxins are extracted from the matrix and simultaneously purified by removing interfering substances like triglycerides and pigments. This single-step process eliminates the need for separate extraction and purification operations, reducing complexity while maintaining effectiveness.
Solution Approach 2:
The solid-phase extraction cartridge serves multiple functions simultaneously: it extracts aflatoxins from the oil matrix, removes matrix interferences, and prepares the sample for detection. This multi-functional device replaces the need for multiple separate操作步骤 (extraction, filtration, concentration, purification), simplifying the overall workflow while achieving comprehensive sample preparation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method provides a simple, cost-effective, and high-recovery-rate solution for detecting aflatoxins in edible oils, significantly reducing detection time and labor while ensuring accurate results across various oil matrices.
Implementation Method 1
performing ultrasonic washing for 12-18 min
Implementation Method 2
drying the material at 100° C. for 1.5-2.5 h
Implementation Method 3
a dispersive solid-phase extraction material, and a preparation method and application thereof
Data Source
AI summary
A dispersive solid-phase extraction material, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The method comprises: weighing humic acid and washing it using water under ultrasonic bath, centrifuging to obtain a solid precipitate; resuspending the solid precipitate in acetone, heating and evaporating until the acetone has evaporated completely to then obtain a residue; taking and placing the residue in a Soxhlet extractor, and adding a cleaning solution; cleaning by heating and refluxing until the refluxed liquid is clear and colorless, and then heating is stopped; taking out the cleaned material; drying the material at 100° C. for 1.5-2.5 h, cooling for 0.5-1 h, and sieving through a 120 mesh sieve; collecting the material under the sieve to obtain the dispersive solid-phase extraction material. The dispersive solid-phase extraction material can simultaneously extract and purify aflatoxins in edible oils for their detection.