HVAC Return-Air Sterilization for Real-Time Indoor Air Quality Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing HVAC systems do not effectively control indoor air quality based on real-time monitoring, leading to potential IAQ issues and inefficient energy use.
Innovation Solution
An HVAC system with integrated indoor air quality sensors, sterilization systems, and a controller that adjusts operation modes (normal, first filtration, and second filtration) to address IAQ thresholds, using electronic filters and UV lights to purify air and adjust airflow based on sensor data.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If continuous high-level filtration is applied in HVAC systems, then indoor air quality is improved, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts filtration intensity based on real-time air quality sensor data. When contaminants are detected above thresholds, the system activates enhanced filtration modes; when air quality is good, it reduces filtration intensity, thereby adapting energy consumption to actual needs while maintaining air quality standards
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes operational parameters (filtration intensity, airflow rates) based on measured air quality conditions. Sensors monitor contaminant levels and trigger parameter adjustments in filtration systems, allowing the HVAC to operate at optimal efficiency points rather than constant high-level filtration
2Reliability
If manual occupancy schedules control HVAC operation, then system operation is simple, but indoor air quality cannot be effectively controlled
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements feedback control by continuously monitoring indoor air quality with sensors and automatically adjusting HVAC operation in response to measured conditions. This closed-loop control replaces manual scheduling with automated responses to actual air quality states, effectively controlling IAQ without requiring complex user intervention
Solution Approach 2:
The HVAC system serves itself by using integrated sensors to monitor air quality and automatically triggering appropriate filtration and ventilation responses. The system self-regulates based on internal sensor data without external control input, simplifying operation while improving air quality control
3Reliability
If HVAC system operates without real-time air quality monitoring, then system operation is simple, but energy is wasted and air quality issues arise
Solution Approach 1:
Real-time air quality sensors provide feedback to the control system, enabling it to detect contaminant levels and adjust ventilation and filtration accordingly. This prevents energy waste by avoiding unnecessary high-level operation when air quality is good, while ensuring proper response when contaminants are present
Solution Approach 2:
The system takes preliminary action by continuously monitoring air quality and being ready to activate filtration systems before contaminant levels become problematic. Early detection allows proactive response, preventing air quality degradation and avoiding the need for intensive remediation later
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Improves indoor air quality by dynamically responding to IAQ conditions, reducing contaminants, and optimizing energy use through targeted filtration and airflow management.
Implementation Method 1
The at least one sterilization system further comprises an electronic filter
Implementation Method 2
The at least one sterilization system further comprises an ultraviolet (UV) light
Data Source
AI summary
A heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes an air handling unit having an air handling unit outlet, and at least one zone having an inlet and an outlet. The at least one zone is operably coupled to the air handling unit outlet. A return air duct fluidly connecting the outlet to the air handling unit and at least one sterilization system arranged within the return air duct at or directly downstream from the outlet. At least one indoor air quality sensor operable to monitor an indoor air quality within the at least one zone. A controller is operably coupled to the at least one indoor air quality sensor and the at least one sterilization system. The controller is configured to operate the at least one sterilization system when the indoor air quality within the at least one zone exceeds an allowable threshold.