HVDC Bypass Switch Movable Member Arcing Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power transmission systems face issues with arcing during fault operation in bypass switches, leading to contact deterioration and unstable bypass states due to the high voltages involved.

Innovation Solution

A bypass switch design featuring a movable member with two conductive sections and an insulator, where the first section handles the initial arcing and the second section provides a stable, arc-free connection upon transition, using a pyrotechnic actuator to move between initial, arcing, and stable states with varying impedances to control energy transfer.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a bypass switch is used to isolate faulty electrical devices in HVDC systems, then the power flow can be restored and the faulty device can be bypassed, but arcing occurs during switching which deteriorates the contacts and results in losses and unstable bypass state

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebypass state stabilityVSAvoidarcing
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The movable member is divided into two separate conductive sections (first conductive section and second conductive section) that make contact with contact bridges in a specific sequence. The first conductive section establishes initial contact while the second conductive section provides the stable bypass connection, segmenting the contact-making process to control arcing effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The first conductive section makes preliminary contact with the first contact bridge before the second conductive section makes contact with the second contact bridge. This preliminary action allows the system to prepare for the main bypass connection while controlling where and how arcing occurs, protecting the main contacts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Productivity

If the bypass switch contacts are used to handle high voltage switching, then the bypass function can be achieved, but the contacts deteriorate due to arcing leading to losses and reduced lifespan

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebypass switching capabilityVSAvoidcontact lifespan
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The harmful arcing effect is extracted and directed to occur at the first conductive section and first contact bridge, separate from the main bypass contacts. By taking out the arcing function from the primary contact system, the main contacts (second conductive section and second contact bridge) are protected from deterioration and can maintain their lifespan.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Device complexity

If a simple single-contact bypass switch is used, then the device complexity is low, but the bypass state becomes unstable due to arcing effects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebypass switch structureVSAvoidbypass state stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The bypass switch structure is segmented into distinct components: a movable member with two conductive sections, a first contact bridge, and a second contact bridge. This segmentation allows the system to achieve stable bypass state through the coordinated action of these components while maintaining relatively simple overall structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution reduces arcing effects, stabilizes the bypass state, and extends the operational lifespan of the bypass switch by minimizing contact wear, allowing for reliable and predictable current flow until the faulty device is replaced.

Implementation Method 1

using a pyrotechnic actuator to move between initial, arcing, and stable states

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPyrotechnic: Pyrophoricity

Implementation Method 2

A movable member (109) comprises a first conductive section (112) and a second conductive section (116)... providing a conductive path between a first terminal (102) and a second terminal (103)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 3

An insulator (111) is provided between the first conductive section (112) and the second conductive section (116)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical insulation: Dielectric

Implementation Method 4

reduces arcing effects, stabilizes the bypass state... using a pyrotechnic actuator to move between initial, arcing, and stable states with varying impedances to control energy transfer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectArc suppression: Electric Arc

Data Source

PatentEP3286772B1Bypass switch comprising a movable member with a first conductive section and a second conductive section
Publication Date: 2019.06.12 ABB (SCHWEIZ) AG
  • EP3286772B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~2C
  • EP3286772B1 patent drawingFigure 3~7

AI summary

It is presented a bypass switch for providing a bypass path between a first terminal and a second terminal. The bypass switch comprises: a first set of electrical contacts respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal; a second set of electrical contacts respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal; and a movable member. The movable member comprises a first conductive section, a second conductive section and an insulator between the first conductive section and the second conductive section, wherein the movable member is movable from an initial state, via a first state, to a second state, wherein in the initial state the first set of electrical contacts are conductively separated and the second set of electrical contacts are conductively separated, in the first state the first set of electrical contacts are conductively connected via the first conductive section and the second set of electrical contacts are conductively separated, and in the second state the second set of electrical contacts are conductively connected via the second conductive section.