Distributed Voltage Regulation in Multi-Terminal HVDC Networks

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Solution Overview

Problem

Multi-terminal HVDC networks face challenges in reliably managing over-voltages and under-voltages without external communication, as existing methods rely on centralized controllers and measurement units, which are not effective in emergency situations.

Innovation Solution

The method involves local DC voltage measurement at each converter station to detect over-voltage or under-voltage conditions, triggering autonomous modification of the DC power set value using a defined power ramp, allowing each station to restore the system to a stable state without external communication, with prioritization and multi-stage detection to ensure efficient and robust voltage regulation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a centralized DC Grid Master Controller is used to optimize multi-terminal HVDC networks, then the load flow regulation and voltage optimization are improved, but the system reliability deteriorates when communication between the master controller and converter stations fails

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveload flow regulation efficiencyVSAvoidsystem operation reliability during communication failure
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the centralized voltage control function into distributed autonomous control at each converter station. Each station independently monitors its local DC voltage and executes voltage regulation actions without relying on the centralized master controller, thereby maintaining system reliability during communication failures while still achieving effective load flow regulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Each converter station is equipped with autonomous voltage regulation capability that allows it to self-monitor local DC voltage conditions and self-correct voltage deviations using its own converter power. This self-service mechanism eliminates dependency on external communication infrastructure for basic voltage stability maintenance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Reliability

If the DC voltage band is designed to accommodate worst-case scenarios, then the system can handle extreme voltage fluctuations, but the mean voltage must be reduced which limits the voltage regulation range

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage stability under extreme conditionsVSAvoidvoltage regulation range
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic voltage regulation where each converter station continuously monitors local DC voltage and adjusts its power contribution in real-time based on actual voltage conditions. This dynamic response allows the system to maintain mean voltage at optimal levels while still handling extreme fluctuations through rapid autonomous adjustments, eliminating the need for reduced mean voltage design margins.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Reliability

If converter stations operate autonomously without centralized coordination, then the system reliability during communication failure is improved, but the ability to optimize overall network performance deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperation reliability without external communicationVSAvoidnetwork optimization capability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables each converter station to make locally optimal voltage regulation decisions based on its own voltage measurements and control objectives. Each station adjusts its converter power to maintain its local DC voltage within specified bands, and this distributed local optimization collectively achieves effective overall network voltage management without centralized coordination.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP3100331B1Voltage regulation in multi-terminal HVDC network
Publication Date: 2019.05.01 SIEMENS AG
  • EP3100331B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3100331B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3100331B1 patent drawing

AI summary

A method (100) for regulating voltage in a multi-terminal HVDC network system (1) is disclosed. The system comprises one or more converter stations (2). The method (100) involves a step (101) of measuring a local DC voltage at each of the participating converter stations (20), a step (102) of detecting an over-voltage condition when the local DC voltage crosses a predefined upper threshold voltage (10) or detecting an under-voltage condition when the local DC voltage crosses a predefined lower threshold voltage (11), a step (103) of triggering modification of an available DC power set value by the said converter station (10) on detection of the over-voltage or the under-voltage condition, wherein the DC power set value is modified based on a defined power ramp of defined steepness and a final step (104) of checking for termination of the modification step (103) when the over-voltage condition or the under-voltage condition no longer persists.