Hybrid Anchor Reducing Concentrated Load via Segmented Tension Compression
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing permanent anchors face issues with load concentration leading to creep, breakage, and reduced anchoring force due to long-term tension and compression, with tension anchors experiencing progressive failure and compression anchors failing under concentrated loads.
Innovation Solution
A hybrid permanent anchor design that combines a tension part, a compression part, and a PC steel strand with a protective pipe, distributing and reducing concentrated loads by 1/4, using the advantages of both types to maintain force over time, prevent creep, and enhance stability and attachment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a tension anchor is used, then there are sufficient study results and actual construction results, but progressive failure is generated by tensile cracks in grout and creep due to load concentration, so load reduction is large
Solution Approach 1:
The anchor body is divided into multiple segments (first anchor body and second anchor body) with different functions. The first anchor body handles tension through friction, while the second anchor body handles compression through bearing. This segmentation allows each part to optimize its performance for its specific load type, preventing the progressive failure seen in traditional single-type anchors.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention merges the advantages of both tension-type and compression-type anchors into a single hybrid anchor system. By combining the friction-based tension resistance of the first anchor body with the bearing-based compression resistance of the second anchor body, the system achieves both the proven reliability of tension anchors and the creep resistance of compression anchors.
2Duration of action of stationary object
If a compression anchor is used, then load reduction due to creep is small in comparison to the tension anchor, but high-strength grout is required and it is difficult to secure a predetermined level of anchoring force in a relatively weak ground
Solution Approach 1:
The anchor body is divided into multiple segments (first anchor body and second anchor body) with different functions. The first anchor body handles tension through friction, while the second anchor body handles compression through bearing. This segmentation allows each part to optimize its performance for its specific load type, preventing the progressive failure seen in traditional single-type anchors.
Solution Approach 2:
Different parts of the anchor body have different structural properties optimized for their specific function. The first anchor body has a structure optimized for frictional tension resistance, while the second anchor body has a structure optimized for bearing compression. This local differentiation allows the system to achieve high performance in both tension and compression without requiring uniformly high-strength grout throughout.
3Duration of action of stationary object
If an anchor is used for a long period, then it should be able to support load for a long period, but creep (deformation) is generated by long-period tension, the outer diameter increases, and there is no effect at the boundary of a free length and a fixed part
Solution Approach 1:
The anchor body is divided into multiple segments (first anchor body and second anchor body) with different functions. The first anchor body handles tension through friction, while the second anchor body handles compression through bearing. This segmentation allows each part to optimize its performance for its specific load type, preventing the progressive failure seen in traditional single-type anchors.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of using tension to hold the anchor in place (which causes creep and deformation), the invention uses compression in the second anchor body to press the anchor body against the ground. This inversion of the holding mechanism eliminates the creep and dimensional instability problems associated with long-term tension.
Data Source
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AI summary
A hybrid permanent anchor is proposed. The hybrid permanent anchor includes: a fixed body (120) disposed between a compression part (130) and a tension part (110)(110a) and coupling the compression part (130) and the tension part (110) (110a) to each other; the tension part (110) or the tension part (110a) coupled to a front end of the fixed body (120) and transmitting tension to the permanent anchor when tensile stress is generated; the compression part (130) coupled to a rear end of the fixed body (120) and transmitting compressive force to the permanent anchor when compressive stress is generated; a PC steel strand (140) coupled to a rear end of the compression part (130) and having a protective pipe (145) thereon; and an anchor head part (150) fixing the permanent anchor (100) to a structure. The anchor having this configuration distributes and reduces a concentrated-load generated in a permanent anchor to 1/4 using only the advantages of a tension type and a compression type to be advantageous in terms of maintaining force for a long period of time, thereby considerably improving the quality and reliability of the permanent anchor to give a good image.