Digital-Analog Hybrid Beamforming Optimization for Power Efficiency
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing beam forming designs for multi-antenna systems, particularly in millimeter wave communication, face challenges such as high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) of transmit powers, low power efficiency of power amplifiers, and difficulty in precoding due to limited quantization accuracy of phase shifters, leading to degraded beam performance.
Innovation Solution
A method and apparatus for forming a power-efficient digital-analog hybrid beam that involves mathematical modeling with optimization problems constrained by transmit power, ripple, and phase shifter phase values, using a penalty function method and constrained concave-convex procedure (CCCP) with block coordinate descent (BCD) to minimize ripples and optimize analog and digital components.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If beam pattern approaching technology is used to achieve good beam performance, then beam performance is improved, but transmit power difference and PAPR become very large
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms the beamforming design from a traditional approach to an optimization problem with explicit constraints on transmit power parameters. By formulating the problem to minimize PAPR while maintaining beam performance constraints, the method finds optimal parameter configurations that balance both requirements.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary power allocation and constraints setup before actual beamforming optimization. By pre-defining acceptable power ranges and incorporating them into the optimization framework, the method prevents excessive power differences from developing during the beamforming process.
2Manufacturing precision
If large dynamic range of power amplifier is used to accommodate large transmit power difference, then beam performance is maintained, but power efficiency becomes very low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary constraints to prevent large transmit power differences before they occur. By setting upper and lower bounds on antenna transmit powers in the optimization problem, the method proactively prevents the need for large dynamic range power amplifiers, thereby maintaining power efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent accepts slightly relaxed beam pattern requirements in exchange for significantly reduced PAPR. By allowing minor deviations from ideal beam patterns while enforcing strict power constraints, the method achieves a practical compromise that improves power efficiency.
3Device complexity
If nearest distance quantization method is used with small quantization bit number, then device complexity is reduced, but beam performance is seriously degraded
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediate optimization framework that bridges the gap between coarse quantization and ideal continuous phase control. By formulating the phase shifter optimization as a constrained problem with discrete phase constraints, the method achieves good beam performance even with limited quantization bits.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs iterative optimization algorithms that dynamically adjust phase shifter settings to converge toward optimal configurations. This dynamic approach allows the system to achieve high beam performance with fewer quantization bits by intelligently navigating the discrete phase space.
4Productivity
If analog-digital hybrid precoding is used to improve transmit rate and quality, then system performance is improved, but hardware requirements become very high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the precoding function into separate analog and digital components with distinct optimization procedures. By segmenting the design process and applying appropriate constraints to each component, the method reduces the computational and hardware complexity while maintaining the benefits of hybrid precoding.
Data Source
AI summary
The invention discloses a method and an apparatus for forming a power-efficient digital-analog hybrid beam in a multi-antenna system, and a device. The method includes the following steps. Perform mathematical modeling on a beam forming design firstly to construct a beam forming optimization problem that minimizes ripples in a main lobe and a side lobe. Convert an original optimization problem into an a constraint-separable optimization problem using a penalty function method. Perform iterative solution finally using a block coordinate descent method. The beam designed by the invention has a small peak-to-average ratio, a power amplification efficiency of a power amplifier is very high, and a limited resolution characteristic of the phase shifter is considered. The ripples in the main lobe and the side lobe of the beam designed are very small and a transition band is very narrow.