Hybrid Drive Control for Torque Converter Slip in Working Machines

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing hybrid drive systems in working machines face inefficiencies due to the interaction between the driveline and work hydraulics, particularly during bucket fill actions, leading to high torque converter slip and energy losses.

Innovation Solution

A control method and system that identifies repetitive loading cycles and bucket fill actions to discharge a majority of the energy stored in the energy storage system to the drive shaft for vehicle propulsion, reducing reliance on the combustion engine and minimizing torque converter slip.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If the energy storage system is charged during braking to improve energy recovery, then energy efficiency is improved, but the energy storage system may not have sufficient energy available during high-demand operations like bucket fill actions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy recovery efficiencyVSAvoidenergy availability in storage
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The control system dynamically adjusts the discharge strategy based on real-time operating conditions. During bucket fill actions, the system prioritizes discharging the energy storage system to provide maximum power assistance, while during normal operation or braking, it charges the system. This dynamic switching resolves the contradiction by adapting energy flow direction to operational needs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The control system continuously monitors the state of charge of the energy storage system and the current operational demands. When a bucket fill action is detected, the feedback loop triggers a discharge command to ensure sufficient energy is available. This feedback mechanism ensures the system maintains optimal energy availability while maximizing recovery efficiency during appropriate phases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Power

If the combustion engine operates at high power to meet peak demand during bucket fill actions, then power availability is improved, but fuel consumption and energy losses increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower availabilityVSAvoidfuel consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system merges the power output of the combustion engine with the energy storage system to create a hybrid power source. During bucket fill actions, both the engine and the discharged energy storage system contribute to meeting peak power demands. This combination allows the engine to operate at lower, more efficient power levels while still achieving the required total power output, thereby reducing fuel consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The energy storage system is charged during braking and lower-demand phases in advance of peak power requirements. This preliminary charging ensures that when bucket fill actions occur, the energy storage system is ready to discharge and assist the engine, reducing the need for the engine to operate at high power levels and thus lowering fuel consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Force

If the torque converter operates with high slip to provide high torque multiplication during bucket fill actions, then torque availability is improved, but energy losses in the torque converter increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetorque availabilityVSAvoidtorque converter energy losses
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The energy storage system acts as an intermediary between the engine and the drivetrain during bucket fill actions. By providing additional power through the gearbox and drive shaft, it reduces the reliance on torque converter slip for torque multiplication. This intermediary power source allows the torque converter to operate with reduced slip, thereby lowering energy losses while maintaining sufficient torque availability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Use of energy by moving object

If the control system discharges the energy storage system during bucket fill actions to improve fuel efficiency, then energy efficiency is improved, but the state of charge of the energy storage system decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel efficiencyVSAvoidstate of charge
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The control system implements periodic charging and discharging cycles of the energy storage system. During bucket fill actions, the system discharges to improve fuel efficiency. During braking events or lower-demand phases, the system charges to restore the state of charge. This periodic action ensures that the energy storage system maintains a sustainable cycle of use, improving overall fuel efficiency while preventing complete depletion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Data Source

PatentEP3978691B1A drive system and a method for controlling a drive system of a hybrid working machine
Publication Date: 2025.08.20 VOLVO CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AB
  • EP3978691B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3978691B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3978691B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A method for controlling a hybrid drive system in a working machine, the system comprising: an internal combustion engine; a torque converter having an input shaft operatively coupled to the engine and an output shaft operatively coupled to a gearbox; an energy storage system operatively coupled to the gearbox for providing power to and receiving power from a drive shaft via the gearbox, said drive shaft being operatively coupled to propulsion means of the working machine; and work hydraulics operatively connected to the engine; the method comprising: determining a torque converter slip; and if the torque converter slip is above a predetermined threshold level, discharging the energy storage system to provide energy stored in the energy storage system to the drive shaft for vehicle propulsion.