Hybrid Generator Mode Switching for Plasma Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing generators for sustaining inductively coupled plasmas are limited by their inability to efficiently switch between driven and oscillation modes, leading to challenges in plasma ignition and impedance matching, which affects the stability and throughput of plasma-based analytical techniques like mass spectrometry.

Innovation Solution

A hybrid generator circuit that can switch between driven and oscillation modes using a processor-controlled circuit with a signal source, feedback device, and transistors, enabling impedance matching and stable plasma operation by providing constant or variable frequency and amplitude as needed.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If a generator operates in driven mode to sustain plasma, then plasma stability is improved, but impedance matching speed deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveplasma stabilityVSAvoidimpedance matching speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The generator dynamically switches between driven mode (for plasma stability) and oscillation mode (for rapid impedance matching) based on operational requirements. The circuit can transition between these modes to optimize performance for different tasks, combining the advantages of both operational approaches.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If transistors are used in driven mode to provide constant frequency and amplitude, then plasma ignition reliability is improved, but transistor breakdown risk increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveplasma ignition reliabilityVSAvoidtransistor breakdown risk
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the high-stress driven mode operation from the continuous operational cycle, limiting it to only plasma ignition and re-ignition phases. During normal plasma sustainment, the system switches to oscillation mode, thereby reducing cumulative transistor stress and breakdown risk while maintaining ignition reliability when driven mode is actively used.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Speed

If a generator operates in oscillation mode to provide variable frequency and amplitude, then impedance matching speed is improved, but plasma stability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimpedance matching speedVSAvoidplasma stability
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The generator employs periodic switching between oscillation mode (for rapid impedance matching) and driven mode (for plasma stability). This periodic action allows the system to exploit the speed advantages of oscillation mode temporarily while relying on driven mode to maintain overall plasma stability, creating a balanced operational cycle.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

4Measurement precision

If feedback devices are enabled during oscillation mode for impedance matching, then impedance matching precision is improved, but circuit complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimpedance matching precisionVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The feedback devices are preliminarily configured and pre-positioned in the circuit, ready for activation only during oscillation mode. This preliminary arrangement allows the system to maintain simplicity during driven mode operation while having the capability to engage precise impedance matching when needed, without permanently increasing circuit complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The hybrid generator improves plasma stability and analytical throughput by minimizing transistor breakdown during ignition and allowing rapid impedance adjustment during sample introduction, using lower-cost, higher-efficiency transistors and reducing the risk of damage.

Implementation Method 1

a generator electrically coupled to the induction device and configured to provide power to sustain an inductively coupled plasma

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInductive coupling: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3061326B1Hybrid generators and methods of using them
Publication Date: 2021.08.11 REVVITY HEALTH SCIENCES INC
  • EP3061326B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3061326B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP3061326B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

Certain embodiments described herein are directed to generators that can be used to sustain a plasma in a driven mode and in an oscillation mode and optionally in a hybrid mode. In some embodiments, the generator is configured to switch between the two modes during operation. In certain instances, the plasma may be ignited when the generator is in a driven mode and may be used to analyze samples when the generator is in an oscillation mode or driven mode or hybrid mode.