Hybrid Vehicle Interruption Device for Rapid High-Voltage Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing motor vehicles with electric motors rely on expensive pyrotechnic elements for rapid interruption of high-voltage energy stores during emergency operations, which are complex and costly, necessitating a more cost-effective solution for isolating high-voltage energy stores from the high-voltage network.
Innovation Solution
A novel interruption device comprising a fuse, resistor, and semiconductor switches is used in the signal line, where the switches divert current to ground upon activation, causing the fuse to melt and irreversibly interrupt the signal line, mimicking the rapidity of pyrotechnic elements but at lower costs.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If pyrotechnic elements are used to interrupt the signal line, then rapid interruption is achieved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces pyrotechnic (mechanical/chemical) interruption elements with an electronic interruption device consisting of semiconductor switches, resistors, and capacitors. The electronic device achieves rapid signal line interruption through controlled current diversion and fuse melting, eliminating the need for complex pyrotechnic mechanisms while maintaining fast response times.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses a fuse as a disposable, low-cost component that melts to interrupt the signal line. This simple, inexpensive fuse-based approach replaces expensive pyrotechnic elements, achieving the same protective function at lower cost and device complexity while maintaining rapid interruption capability.
2Speed
If pyrotechnic elements are used to interrupt the signal line, then rapid interruption is achieved, but cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a fuse as a low-cost, disposable component that melts to achieve signal line interruption. This fuse-based solution replaces expensive pyrotechnic elements, significantly reducing manufacturing costs while maintaining the rapid interruption speed required for safety applications in electric vehicles.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention substitutes pyrotechnic mechanisms with an electronic circuit comprising semiconductor switches, resistors, and a fuse. This substitution eliminates the need for costly pyrotechnic materials and manufacturing processes, achieving rapid interruption through conventional, inexpensive electronic components.
3Ease of manufacture
If a simple fuse is used without pre-charge, then cost is reduced, but switching time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates a pre-charge capacitor that charges during normal operation and rapidly discharges through the fuse during interruption. This preliminary charging action ensures that when the semiconductor switches open, immediate high current flows through the fuse, causing rapid melting and signal line interruption. This eliminates the delay that would occur with a simple fuse, achieving fast switching while maintaining device simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The pre-charge capacitor acts as an intermediary energy storage element that bridges the gap between the power source and the fuse. It accumulates energy during normal operation and releases it instantaneously during interruption, enabling the fuse to melt rapidly without requiring a complex active switching mechanism, thus achieving fast response with simple components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves rapid and irreversible interruption of the high-voltage energy store's signal line, providing effective protection in emergency states without the need for expensive pyrotechnic elements, while maintaining comparable switching times and ensuring the isolation of high-voltage energy stores from the high-voltage network.
Implementation Method 1
the action of the heat of the short-circuit current in the short-circuit line, actuates the interruption of the short-circuit line
Implementation Method 2
the closing of the first and second switch results in a short-circuit current in the signal line, which causes the melting of the fuse and thus the interruption of the signal line
Data Source
AI summary
An interruption device is provided in a motor vehicle to interrupt a signal line in an emergency operating state. The interruption device includes a fuse and a resistor in the signal line and first and second switches. The fuse is arranged upstream of the resistor in a signal line direction extending from a low-voltage on-board electrical system to a high-voltage on-board electrical system. The first switch is provided in a first electric line connecting the signal line to ground at a connection point downstream of the resistor, and the second switch is provided in a second electric line which connects the signal line to ground at a connection point between the fuse and the resistor. The first and second switches are open during the normal operation of the motor vehicle and are closed in response to the control signal to interrupt the signal line by separating the fuse.