Hybrid Ion Source for Dual-Mode Mass Spectrometry Screening
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current nano-electrospray ionization (nESI) systems are inadequate for simultaneously generating different ion types and are not robust or versatile enough to efficiently ionize polar and non-polar organic compounds, isomeric compounds, and large bio-molecules in various matrices, particularly for solid, liquid, and gaseous samples.
Innovation Solution
The development of an apparatus comprising sampling vessels with ESI electrodes and a corona electrode, configured to form a corona discharge, which are in electrical communication with a high voltage source, allowing for the generation of charged droplets and ionization of analyte samples for mass spectrometry, enabling the detection of both positive and negative ions in various modes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional nESI systems are used, then ionization of analyte samples can be achieved, but the systems are inadequate for simultaneously generating different ion types and are not robust or versatile enough
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines electrospray ionization (ESI) and corona discharge ionization into a single hybrid ion source system. The ESI electrode generates charged droplets from liquid samples, while the corona electrode provides additional ionization capability for diverse analyte types. This merging of two ionization mechanisms enables simultaneous generation of different ion types and improves versatility for analyzing polar and non-polar compounds, isomers, and large biomolecules across multiple modes.
2Productivity
If nESI systems are used for analyzing complex mixtures, then analysis can be performed, but sample preparation requirements and analysis throughput are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary ionization actions within the sampling vessel itself, where ESI electrodes generate charged droplets and corona discharge provides additional ionization before samples are introduced to the mass spectrometer. This preliminary ionization action occurs during the sampling process, eliminating the need for separate sample preparation steps and enabling direct analysis of complex mixtures with minimal preprocessing.
3Measurement precision
If ESI electrodes are disposed within sampling vessels, then direct ionization of headspace can be achieved, but electrical current and corona discharge control are challenging
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses the headspace within the sampling vessel as an intermediary medium between the ESI electrode and the analyte sample. The ESI electrode ionizes components in the headspace, which then transfer to the liquid sample phase. This intermediary approach enables controlled ionization by managing electrical current through the gas phase rather than directly through the liquid sample, reducing the risk of destructive corona discharge while maintaining ionization efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution provides a robust and versatile nESI system capable of efficiently ionizing a wide range of organic compounds and bio-molecules, allowing for high-throughput analysis of complex mixtures with minimal sample preparation and detection of ions in both positive and negative modes, enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry analysis.
Implementation Method 1
a corona electrode disposed outside of the one or more sampling vessels and configured under effective conditions to form a corona discharge, wherein the corona discharge is formed adjacent to the outlet of the one or more sampling vessels
Implementation Method 2
one or more electrospray ionization (ESI) electrodes disposed within the one or more sampling vessels such that it is in electrical communication with at least the headspace of the one or more sampling vessel
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed herein are apparatuses comprising a panoptic ion sources capable of ionizing organic compounds. Also disclosed are methods for analyzing complex organic compounds using the disclosed herein apparatuses. The methods and systems are suitable for high throughput screening of samples, including biofluids. The methods and systems are suitable for the rapid evaluation of chemical reactions, permitting the discovery of novel organic reaction pathways.