Hybrid Mode-Locked Laser Cavity Filtering for Tunable Comb Lines

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional mode-locked lasers cannot control the number of comb lines generated, leading to inefficiencies in power usage and increased noise in optical communication systems, as they produce more lines than required for specific applications.

Innovation Solution

A hybrid mode-locked laser is developed using a combination of III-V-based gain elements and silicon-based photonic integrated circuits, with an optical wavelength filter to control the number of mode-locked wavelengths, allowing for tunable and dynamic adjustment of comb lines through passive or active filtering components like ring resonators and arrayed waveguide gratings.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If conventional mode-locked lasers generate comb lines based on fixed cavity parameters and gain bandwidth, then the laser structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the number of comb lines cannot be controlled, leading to excessive power consumption and increased noise

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol over number of comb linesVSAvoidlaser structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

An optical filter is introduced as an intermediary component within the laser cavity to control the number of comb lines. The filter selectively passes or blocks specific wavelengths, enabling precise control over the number of lasing modes without fundamentally redesigning the entire laser structure. This mediator approach resolves the contradiction by adding a controllable element that manages the trade-off between adaptability and complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamically adjustable filters (such as tunable wavelength filters or variable optical attenuators) that can change their transmission characteristics in real-time. This dynamic control allows the number of comb lines to be adjusted according to application requirements, transforming a static laser system into an adaptable one without requiring complete structural redesign.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Adaptability or versatility

If a larger number of comb lines are generated to ensure sufficient wavelength coverage, then the wavelength range is improved, but power efficiency decreases and noise increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewavelength range coverageVSAvoidpower efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The optical filter extracts and selects only the specific number of comb lines required by the application from the broader spectrum generated by the laser gain medium. By taking out only the necessary wavelengths and blocking others, the system achieves efficient power utilization and reduced noise while maintaining adequate wavelength coverage for the intended application.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Ease of manufacture

If the gain bandwidth and cavity parameters are fixed to simplify manufacturing, then manufacturing precision is improved, but the ability to tune the number of comb lines is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidtunability of comb lines
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The laser system is segmented into distinct functional modules: a fixed gain medium and cavity structure for simple manufacturing, and a separate controllable filter module for tuning the number of comb lines. This segmentation allows the majority of the structure to be manufactured with fixed parameters while providing independent control over the operational characteristics through the filter module.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables precise control over the number of comb lines, improving power efficiency and reducing noise by selecting only the necessary wavelengths, thus optimizing the performance of optical communication systems.

Implementation Method 1

a gain element formed of III-V material... configured to generate a number of mode-locked output wavelengths

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectStimulated emission: Laser

Implementation Method 2

The optical filter may incorporate ring resonators, gratings, or any other suitable type of silicon-based optical wavelength filtering component

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical resonance: Resonance

Implementation Method 3

a silicon-based optical filter disposed along the hybrid laser cavity and configured to control the number of mode-locked wavelengths generated

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical filtering: Filter (optical)

Implementation Method 4

An optical waveguide coupled at a first end to the gain element... The first mirror and the second mirror thus define a hybrid laser cavity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTotal internal reflection: Total Internal Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3379663B1Hybrid mode-locked laser with tunable number of comb lines
Publication Date: 2023.12.20 NOKIA OF AMERICA CORP
  • EP3379663B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3(d)
  • EP3379663B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5(c)
  • EP3379663B1 patent drawingFigure 6~8

AI summary

A hybrid laser structure (comprising III-V gain material and a silicon-based photonic integrated circuit) is configured to control the number of generated mode-locked wavelengths by including an optical wavelength filter within the photonic integrated circuit portion of the laser cavity. The optical wavelength filter is used to control the number of comb lines that are supported by the laser cavity, filtering out a set of non-selected mode-locked wavelengths to control the generated number. The optical filter may be passive or active, and the number of generated comb lines may be fixed or adjustable, as desired.