Hybrid NLP Models for Risk Control Feature Identification

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing rule-based methods for identifying key features in risk control documents are tedious, impractical, and fail to generalize well to new language, lacking specific grammar, syntax, and domain knowledge.

Innovation Solution

A hybrid machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) system that regenerates, classifies, and corrects risk control features and entities using semantic prediction ML models and discriminative NLP models, improving identification and quality prediction without relying on rule-based approaches.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If rule-based methods are used to identify risk control features, then the system can provide deterministic results, but the system becomes tedious, impractical, and fails to generalize well to new language

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedeterministic resultsVSAvoidgeneralization to new language
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces rule-based mechanical systems with machine learning models that automatically learn patterns from data. The ML models substitute manual rule creation and application with automated statistical learning, enabling the system to generalize to new language while maintaining reliability through trained patterns.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transforms the approach from fixed rule parameters to dynamic learned parameters. Instead of manually defined rules, the system uses ML models that adjust parameters based on training data, allowing adaptation to new language contexts while maintaining consistent performance through the learned parameter relationships.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of operation

If rule-based methods are used to identify risk control features, then the system can provide interpretable results, but the system requires manual rule identification and definition which is tedious and impractical

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanual rule identificationVSAvoidtime for rule creation
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-training ML models on large datasets of risk control documents before deployment. This preliminary training phase automatically captures domain-specific patterns and rules, eliminating the need for manual rule creation during operation and significantly reducing setup time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system enables self-service by allowing the ML models to automatically learn and identify risk control features without human intervention. The models self-adjust parameters and patterns during training, replacing manual rule identification with automated learning that requires minimal human input.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Adaptability or versatility

If machine learning models are used to predict quality and identify features, then the system generalizes well to new language, but the system requires combining multiple models and processing steps

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegeneralization to new languageVSAvoidhybrid model architecture
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple ML models into a hybrid architecture that combines the strengths of different approaches. By integrating quality prediction models with feature identification models, the system achieves superior generalization while managing complexity through unified model interactions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The hybrid ML system provides multi-functionality by simultaneously performing quality prediction, feature identification, and generalization to new language. This universal approach consolidates multiple functions into a coordinated system that handles diverse tasks through integrated model operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Productivity

If hybrid ML and NLP systems are used, then the system achieves faster and more efficient identification, but the system requires combining semantic predictive models with discriminative NLP models

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveidentification speedVSAvoidmodel integration
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the processing pipeline into distinct functional components: semantic predictive models for general meaning understanding and discriminative NLP models for specific feature extraction. This segmentation enables each model to specialize in its strength while maintaining manageable complexity through clear interface definitions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentUS12614107B2Hybrid model and system for predicting quality and identifying features and entities of risk controls
Publication Date: 2026.04.28 CAPITAL ONE SERVICES LLC
  • US12614107B2 patent drawing
  • US12614107B2 patent drawing
  • US12614107B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Embodiments disclosed are directed to a computing system that performs steps to automatically identify risk control features and entities in a risk control document. The computing system regenerates, by a semantic prediction machine learning (ML) model, phrases in a risk control document. The computing system then classifies, by the semantic prediction ML model, risk control features associated with the regenerated phrases. Subsequently, the computing system corrects, by a discriminative natural language processing (NLP) model, the classified risk control features based on the phrases and the regenerated phrases.