Hybrid Optical Phase Array and MEMS Lidar Beamsteering
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lidar systems for vehicles often have limited field of view and aperture size due to the use of two-dimensional MEMS mirror scanners, which restricts their ability to effectively detect and measure parameters of objects in a wider area.
Innovation Solution
The integration of an optical phase array and a microelectromechanical (MEMS) scanner, where the optical phase array oscillates the transmitted light beam through a first angle within a first plane, and the MEMS scanner oscillates it through a second angle within a second plane, with the MEMS scanner rotating about a single axis to direct the beam into the second plane, allowing for a faster oscillation rate and enhanced beam steering capabilities.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Area of stationary object
If two-dimensional MEMS mirror scanners are used for beam steering, then the system structure is simplified, but the field of view and aperture size are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The beam steering function is segmented into two independent components: an optical phase array for electronic beam steering in one plane, and a MEMS mirror for mechanical scanning in a perpendicular plane. This segmentation allows each component to optimize its function without the constraints of a single two-dimensional scanner, thereby expanding the overall field of view while maintaining structural simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a single two-dimensional beam steering approach to a three-dimensional solution by combining electronic phase control in one plane with mechanical mirror scanning in a perpendicular plane. This dimensional expansion enables a larger effective aperture and field of view by utilizing spatial degrees of freedom that a single planar scanner cannot provide.
2Length of stationary object
If two-dimensional MEMS mirror scanners are used, then the system is easier to manufacture, but the aperture size is restricted
Solution Approach 1:
By dividing the beam steering function between an optical phase array and a MEMS mirror, the patent enables a larger effective aperture. The optical phase array can be integrated on a photonic chip with precise phase control elements, while the MEMS mirror provides additional angular coverage. This segmentation allows each component to be manufactured using established techniques, avoiding the need for a single complex large-aperture scanner.
3Speed
If the MEMS scanner oscillates at a faster rate, then the detection speed is improved, but the oscillation angle may be reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent separates the fast scanning function (performed by the MEMS mirror oscillating at high frequency) from the slower, larger-angle scanning function (performed by the optical phase array). This segmentation allows the MEMS scanner to operate at optimal high speeds for rapid detection, while the optical phase array compensates for the smaller oscillation angle by providing additional angular coverage through electronic beam steering, thereby maintaining measurement precision despite the faster oscillation rate.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances the field of view and aperture size of Lidar systems, enabling more accurate detection and measurement of object parameters, such as range, azimuth, elevation, and velocity, by directing and receiving light beams through multiple planes with faster oscillation rates.
Implementation Method 1
directing a transmitted light beam generated by a laser along a first direction within a first plane using an optical phase array
Implementation Method 2
receiving the transmitted light beam from the optical phase array at a mirror, and directing the transmitted light beam along a second direction within a second plane using the mirror
Implementation Method 3
The optical phase array oscillates the transmitted light beam through a first angle within the first plane
Implementation Method 4
the mirror oscillates the transmitted light beam through a second angle within the second plane... The mirror is a component of a microelectromechanical (MEMS) scanner, further comprising rotating the mirror about a single axis of rotation
Implementation Method 5
detecting a parameter of the object from the reflected light beam at the one or more photodetectors
Data Source
AI summary
A vehicle, Lidar system and method of detecting an object. The Lidar system includes an optical phase array and a mirror. The optical phase array directs a transmitted light beam generated by a laser along a first direction within a first plane. The mirror receives the transmitted light beam from the optical phase array and directs the transmitted light beam along a second direction within a second plane.