Hybrid Standard Cell Layout for Faster Level Shifter Switching

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Solution Overview

Problem

As ICs become smaller and more complex, the decrease in operating voltages affects IC performance, particularly in level shifter circuits operating in different voltage domains, necessitating improved design to optimize speed and performance while maintaining standard cell area, routability, and pin-accessibility.

Innovation Solution

A hybrid standard cell approach is employed, utilizing standard cells with varying heights and variable via dimensions, pin widths, and metal pitches to balance performance and power consumption, enabling fast switching without overdesign.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If standard cell height is increased to improve switching speed, then speed is improved, but device area increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching speedVSAvoidstandard cell area
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by varying the height of standard cells based on their specific functional requirements. Different standard cells within the same logic block have different heights optimized for their particular switching speed needs, rather than using a uniform height for all cells. This allows fast switching where needed while maintaining compact area where lower heights suffice.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the geometric parameter of standard cell height to optimize performance. By adjusting the height parameter of individual standard cells according to their switching speed requirements, the patent achieves varying degrees of performance optimization without uniformly increasing the area of all cells.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If standard cell height is increased to meet timing requirements, then timing performance is improved, but power consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetiming performanceVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by assigning different heights to standard cells based on their specific timing requirements. Only those standard cells that require fast switching to meet timing constraints are given increased height, while other cells maintain smaller heights to reduce power consumption. This localized optimization avoids the excessive power consumption that would result from uniformly increasing all cell heights.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies partial action by increasing the height of only those standard cells that require enhanced switching speed to meet timing requirements, rather than increasing the height of all standard cells. This partial modification achieves the necessary timing performance while avoiding the excessive power consumption that would result from universal height increase.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Adaptability or versatility

If variable via dimensions and metal pitches are used to optimize performance, then routing flexibility is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverouting flexibilityVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by varying via dimensions and metal pitches in specific locations where routing flexibility is needed, rather than using variable dimensions throughout the entire circuit. This localized application of variable parameters provides routing adaptability where required while maintaining simpler, more manufacturable structures in other areas.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentUS12575188B2Integrated circuit and method of forming the same
Publication Date: 2026.03.10 TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CO LTD
  • US12575188B2 patent drawing
  • US12575188B2 patent drawing
  • US12575188B2 patent drawing

AI summary

An integrated circuit includes a first region of the integrated circuit including a first set of pins extending in a first direction, being on a first level, and having a first width in a second direction different from the first direction. The first region has a first height in the second direction. An integrated circuit further includes a second region of the integrated circuit adjacent to the first region, the second region including a second set of pins extending in the first direction, being on a first level, being separated from the first set of pins in the second direction, and having a second width in the second direction, the first width being different from the second width. The second region has a second height in the second direction different from the first height, and the first level is a first metal layer of the integrated circuit.