Hybrid Switchgear for Fast DC Interruption and Galvanic Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional electro-mechanical switching apparatuses suffer from long interruption times and electric arc formation in DC applications, while solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs) lack galvanic insulation and require complex control resources for efficient operation.
Innovation Solution
A hybrid switching apparatus combining SSCB and electro-mechanical units, controlled by a simplified logic that ensures galvanic insulation and efficient operation without complex control resources.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If electro-mechanical switching units are used, then galvanic insulation is provided, but interruption time increases and electric arcs form causing contact wear
Solution Approach 1:
The switching apparatus is divided into two distinct switching units: a first switching unit (SSCB) for rapid current interruption and a second switching unit (electro-mechanical) for galvanic insulation. This segmentation allows each unit to perform its specialized function optimally without compromise
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines two different switching technologies (solid-state and electro-mechanical) into a single hybrid apparatus where they work together in series. The SSCB handles fast switching while the electro-mechanical unit provides insulation, merging the advantages of both types
2Loss of time
If solid-state switching units are used, then interruption time is reduced, but galvanic insulation is lost due to leakage currents
Solution Approach 1:
The electro-mechanical switching unit acts as an intermediary that restores galvanic insulation after the SSCB performs rapid current interruption. It provides the necessary isolation barrier that solid-state switches alone cannot provide
3Reliability
If hybrid switching units are used, then both advantages are obtained, but control complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The control system is designed with predetermined switching sequences and logic that automatically coordinate the two switching units. The controller is pre-programmed with the optimal operation patterns, eliminating the need for complex real-time decision-making algorithms
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The hybrid apparatus achieves efficient and reliable operation with reduced interruption times and galvanic insulation, allowing cost-effective manufacturing.
Implementation Method 1
Solid-state switches are semiconductor-based switches adapted to operate in a conduction state or in an interdiction state to allow or interrupt a current flow
Implementation Method 2
they allow obtaining a galvanic insulation between the line conductors connected thereto
Implementation Method 3
electric arcs, which usually strike between the electric contacts under separation, may last for a relatively long time
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 1A
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AI summary
A switching apparatus for electric power distribution grids comprising: - a first switching unit having one or more first electric poles, each first electric pole being electrically connectable with a corresponding first line conductor of an electric line and comprising one or more solid-state switches adapted to operate in a conduction state or in an interdiction state to allow or interrupt a current flow, wherein said second switching unit is adapted to switch reversibly between a closed condition, in which said solid-state switches are in a conduction state, and an open condition, in which said solid-state switches are in an interdiction state; - a second switching unit having one or more second electric poles, each second electric pole being electrically connectable with a corresponding second line conductor of said electric line and electrically connected in series with a corresponding first electric pole of said first switching unit, each second electric pole comprising electric contacts adapted to operate in a coupled state or on an uncoupled state to allow or interrupt a current flow along said second electric pole, wherein said second switching unit is adapted to switch reversibly between a closed condition, in which said electric contacts are in a coupled state, and an open condition, in which said electric contacts are in an uncoupled state; - a controller implementing a robust control logic to the operation of said first and second switching units.