Hydantoin-Based Water Purification for Pool Sanitization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing water purification methods for recreational bodies of water rely on biocidal metal ions and bromine compounds, which can cause skin and eye irritation, discolor swimming wear, and require frequent chlorine replenishment due to chloramine formation, despite maintaining effective bactericidal properties.
Innovation Solution
A water purification composition using hydantoin derivatives, specifically N-Halamine, in combination with non-chlorine oxidizing agents like dipersulfates, monopersulfates, and permanganates, to maintain a safe chlorine level between 0.5 ppm and 1.0 ppm without biocidal metal ions or bromine compounds, preventing chloramine formation and ensuring long-term stability and effectiveness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If biocidal metal ions and bromine compounds are used to sanitize water, then effective bactericidal properties are maintained, but skin and eye irritation and discoloration of swimming wear occur
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and removes biocidal metal ions and bromine compounds from the water purification system, replacing them with organic peroxide compounds that provide effective sanitation without the harmful side effects of metal ions and bromine compounds
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical parameters of the purification system by substituting inorganic biocides (metal ions, bromine) with organic peroxide compounds, fundamentally altering the type of oxidizing agent used while maintaining sanitization effectiveness
2Reliability
If chlorine is used to sanitize water, then effective bactericidal properties are maintained, but frequent chlorine replenishment is required due to chloramine formation
Solution Approach 1:
The invention removes chlorine from the water purification system and replaces it with organic peroxide compounds, eliminating the problem of chloramine formation and the associated need for frequent replenishment
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces the short-lived chlorine that requires frequent replenishment with organic peroxide compounds that provide sustained sanitization effectiveness over longer periods, reducing maintenance frequency
3Reliability
If biocidal metal ions are used to supplement oxidizing agents, then effective water purification is achieved, but metals have their own side effects
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and eliminates biocidal metal ions from the water purification system, replacing them with organic peroxide compounds that provide equivalent or superior sanitization without metal-related side effects
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces organic peroxide compounds as an intermediary substance that mediates the sanitization process, replacing metal ions and providing effective water purification through a different chemical mechanism that avoids metal contamination
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively sanitizes recreational water without skin irritation, reduces chlorine replenishment needs, and maintains a stable bactericidal effect against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including E. coli, without developing resistance, while avoiding the use of biocidal metal ions and bromine compounds.
Implementation Method 1
A water purification composition and method for maintaining a body of water suitable for recreational use where the free available chlorine level in the body of water is maintained at 1 ppm or less through the use of a compound having a hydantoin ring therein and a non-chlorine based oxidizing agent
Data Source
AI summary
A method and device for maintaining a body of water in a sanitized condition wherein the body of water is free from a source of bicidal metal ions and free from bromide or bromine compounds that can sanitize the body of water, the method including that steps of maintaining a chlorine level in the body of water at a level of between 1 ppm and 1.0 ppm; introducing a non-chlorine based oxidizing agent into the body of water wherein the chlorine level in combination with the oxidizing agent is selected so as to be insufficient to sanitize the body of water, and introducing a compound having a hydantoin ring therein into the body of water whereby the combination of the chlorine and the oxidizing agent sanitize the body of water without the presence of a source of biocidal metal ions to supplement the chlorine.