Hydrocyclone Nozzle for Fluid Mixture Separation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for separating fluid mixtures, particularly degassing liquids, are complex, energy-intensive, and unsuitable for handling fluids with solids or heat-sensitive materials, often requiring additional substances and experiencing maintenance issues with equipment like vacuum pumps and membranes.
Innovation Solution
A nozzle with a conical annular gap creates a rotating fluid jet with a radial pressure differential, allowing for efficient separation of components by density within a fluid mixture, using a separator to extract low-density components and potentially degassing gases from the liquid, without additional substances or complex equipment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If vacuum pumps are used to reduce pressure and degas liquids, then gas removal efficiency is improved, but device complexity and maintenance requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and removes only the necessary functional element (vacuum pump) from the system, replacing it with a simpler hydrocyclone separator that uses centrifugal force generated by the liquid flow itself to achieve gas removal without requiring external vacuum pumping equipment
Solution Approach 2:
The liquid flow itself generates the centrifugal force needed for separation through its own motion in the hydrocyclone, eliminating the need for external mechanical drives or vacuum pumps. The system uses its own kinetic energy to achieve the separation function
2Productivity
If membrane permeation is used to remove gases from liquids, then gas separation is achieved, but productivity decreases due to membrane fouling
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces the membrane permeation mechanism (which suffers from fouling) with a hydrodynamic centrifugal separation mechanism. The hydrocyclone uses centrifugal force generated by swirling liquid flow to separate gases from liquids, eliminating the need for membranes and associated fouling problems
3Productivity
If ultrasonic degassing is used to remove dissolved gases, then gas removal effectiveness is improved, but investment and operating costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces the ultrasonic vibration mechanism with a hydrocyclone centrifugal separation system. The swirling flow in the hydrocyclone generates centrifugal force that effectively separates dissolved gases without requiring high-energy ultrasonic transducers or vibrations
4Productivity
If chemicals are added to bind dissolved gases, then degassing is achieved, but environmental harm and process complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and eliminates the need for chemical additives from the degassing process, achieving gas removal through purely physical hydrodynamic separation in the hydrocyclone, thereby avoiding environmental harm from chemicals while maintaining effective degassing
5Productivity
If thermal degassing is used to expel dissolved gases, then gas removal is achieved, but heat-sensitive fluids are damaged and energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces thermal heating with hydrodynamic centrifugal separation. The hydrocyclone uses swirling liquid flow to generate centrifugal force that separates gases from liquids at ambient temperatures, avoiding thermal damage to heat-sensitive fluids while maintaining effective gas removal
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method enables continuous, energy-efficient separation of fluid mixtures with minimal maintenance, suitable for both homogeneous and heterogeneous fluids, including those with solids, and effectively removes dissolved gases without the need for additional substances or complex equipment.
Implementation Method 1
The fluid mixture is set in a rotating movement, the angular velocity of the rotating movement increasing up to the nozzle opening. As a result, the liquid is ejected as a highly twisted fluid jet into the volume at the nozzle opening.
Implementation Method 2
A zone of reduced pressure which ensures that components with a low density concentrate in the center of the jet, while components with a comparatively high density accumulate in the outer region of the jet is formed in the twisted jet
Implementation Method 3
components with a low density concentrate in the center of the jet, while components with a comparatively high density accumulate in the outer region of the jet
Implementation Method 4
A zone of reduced pressure which ensures that components with a low density concentrate in the center of the jet... effectively removes dissolved gases
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to an apparatus for separating fluid mixtures, being equipped with a nozzle for feeding a fluid mixture composed of a number of components of different density into a volume. The nozzle has a conical annular gap located between a conical inner face of a nozzle casing and a guide cone and opening out at its tip at a nozzle opening into the volume, and a fluid feed leading tangentially into the conical annular gap. Furthermore, the apparatus has a separator, which has a separation portion located in the volume and fluidically connected to a discharge line, and has an inlet opening arranged concentrically to the nozzle opening and axially spaced therefrom. The apparatus according to the invention enables an efficient and trouble-free separation of fluid mixtures, in particular the separation of dissolved gases from a liquid or suspension.