Hydrogen Tank Filling Layout With Confluence Flow Channels

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing hydrogen filling systems for vehicles with multiple hydrogen tanks are inefficient, particularly when filling large commercial vehicles and buses, as they require multiple receptacles and can be complicated due to limitations at existing hydrogen filling stations.

Innovation Solution

A hydrogen storage device with a plurality of receptacles and hydrogen tanks, featuring a flow channel that merges hydrogen from multiple receptacles at a confluence point and branches into the tanks, with shorter lengths for receptacle-to-confluence connections and longer, larger-sectioned channels to the tanks to minimize pressure loss.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If a single receptacle is used to fill multiple hydrogen tanks, then the device complexity is reduced, but the filling time increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereceptacle configurationVSAvoidfilling time
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The flow channel is segmented into multiple independent paths that converge at a confluence point. Each path connects one receptacle to the confluence point, allowing simultaneous filling of multiple tanks while maintaining manageable device complexity through modular channel design

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple flow channels from different receptacles are merged at a confluence point into a common flow channel that distributes to multiple hydrogen tanks. This merging strategy enables parallel filling operations, significantly reducing total filling time while keeping the receptacle configuration simple

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Productivity

If multiple receptacles are provided to fill multiple hydrogen tanks simultaneously, then the filling efficiency is improved, but the device complexity and operation complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefilling efficiencyVSAvoidreceptacle and flow channel configuration
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple receptacle flow channels are merged at a confluence point into a common distribution channel. This configuration enables simultaneous filling of multiple tanks (improved productivity) while using a standardized merging topology that does not significantly increase device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The common flow channel downstream of the confluence point serves multiple functions: it distributes hydrogen to multiple tanks and can adapt to different tank configurations. This multi-functionality improves filling efficiency without proportionally increasing device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Productivity

If multiple receptacles are provided to fill multiple hydrogen tanks simultaneously, then the filling efficiency is improved, but the ease of operation deteriorates due to nozzle connection limitations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefilling efficiencyVSAvoidnozzle connection and receptacle changing
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The confluence point merges multiple receptacle inputs into a single common output path. This allows a single nozzle to connect to one receptacle while hydrogen is distributed to multiple tanks simultaneously, improving filling efficiency without requiring multiple nozzle connections or receptacle changes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The flow distribution is segmented at the receptacle level rather than requiring multiple nozzle connections. Each receptacle can be independently filled through a single nozzle connection, and the segmented flow channels independently deliver hydrogen to different tanks, simplifying operation while maintaining high productivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

4Adaptability or versatility

If long flow channels are used to connect receptacles to multiple hydrogen tanks, then the adaptability to different tank configurations is improved, but the pressure loss increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflow channel configuration flexibilityVSAvoidpressure loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The flow channel system uses different channel lengths and diameters optimized for local requirements: shorter channels with appropriate diameters for receptacle-to-confluence connections, and longer channels with larger diameters from the confluence point to tanks. This local optimization reduces pressure loss while maintaining adaptability to different tank configurations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The flow channel parameters (length, diameter, cross-sectional area) are changed along the flow path to optimize performance. Channels from receptacles to confluence point have different characteristics than channels from confluence point to tanks, with the latter having larger cross-sectional areas to compensate for longer lengths and reduce pressure loss, while maintaining flexibility for different tank arrangements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration allows for efficient hydrogen filling into multiple tanks without the need to change receptacles, reducing filling time and complexity, even at hydrogen stations with limited nozzle configurations.

Implementation Method 1

the length of a flow channel from every receptacle to the confluence point is shorter than the length of a flow channel from the confluence point to every hydrogen tank... with shorter lengths for receptacle-to-confluence connections and longer, larger-sectioned channels to the tanks to minimize pressure loss

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure loss minimization: Pressure Drop

Data Source

PatentEP4215797B1Hydrogen storage device, and vehicle
Publication Date: 2025.05.14 TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK
  • EP4215797B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4215797B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP4215797B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A hydrogen storage device (20) provided in a vehicle that uses hydrogen as a fuel includes a plurality of receptacles (22a, 22b), a plurality of hydrogen tanks (21a, 21b, 21c, 21d), and a flow channel (23) through which hydrogen flows from the receptacles (22a, 22b) to the hydrogen tanks (21a, 21b, 21c, 21d). The flow channel (23) has a confluence point (A) configured such that the hydrogen merges into one on a downstream side of the plurality of receptacles (22a, 22b). The flow channel (23) branches from the confluence point (A) into the plurality of hydrogen tanks (21a, 21b, 21c, 21d).