Hydrogen Fueling Control With Real-Time Precooling and Pressure Ramps
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional hydrogen fueling processes for hydrogen electric vehicles are inefficient, slow, and not suitable for large-scale hydrogen fueling, lacking integration with modern information and communications technologies, which results in suboptimal fueling speed and safety concerns.
Innovation Solution
A hydrogen fueling control method and apparatus that integrates real-time state measurement values to generate control commands for optimizing precooling and pressure ramp rates, using model predictive control and artificial neural networks to actively manage the cooling load and ensure safe operation within temperature and pressure limits.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If conventional hydrogen fueling processes are used, then the fueling process is simple to implement, but the fueling speed is slow and efficiency is low
Solution Approach 1:
The control system dynamically adjusts the pressure ramp rate based on real-time temperature measurements from multiple sensors. The system transitions from static conventional control to dynamic adaptive control, continuously optimizing fueling speed while maintaining safety by responding to actual thermal conditions in the storage tank.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements real-time feedback control by continuously monitoring temperature at multiple locations within the storage tank and adjusting the pressure ramp rate accordingly. This closed-loop feedback mechanism enables the system to maintain optimal fueling speed while preventing unsafe temperature increases.
2Productivity
If fueling speed is increased, then productivity improves, but temperature control becomes more difficult and safety risks increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary cooling actions by activating the cooling system before and during the fueling process based on predicted temperature increases. This proactive approach prevents temperature from exceeding safety limits rather than merely reacting when limits are approached.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes operational parameters dynamically by adjusting the pressure ramp rate based on real-time temperature conditions. When temperature approaches critical levels, the system reduces the pressure ramp rate; when temperature is well within limits, the system maximizes the pressure ramp rate for faster fueling.
3Measurement precision
If real-time control with multiple sensors is implemented, then temperature and pressure control accuracy improves, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system places temperature sensors at multiple specific locations within the storage tank (e.g., near the inlet, at the center, and near the outlet) to capture local temperature variations. This localized measurement approach provides comprehensive thermal monitoring without requiring excessive sensors, optimizing the balance between measurement accuracy and system complexity.
4Loss of energy
If precooling is optimized using real-time data, then energy efficiency improves, but control system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies partial precooling only when necessary based on real-time temperature trends and predicted fueling conditions. Rather than continuously over-cooling, the system activates cooling at optimal moments and for optimal durations, reducing energy consumption while maintaining safety. This selective approach balances energy efficiency with control complexity.
Data Source
AI summary
A control method for hydrogen fueling for a hydrogen fueled mobility is an integrated control method that includes steps of: acquiring a measurement value of a current state; based on the measurement value of the current state, determining whether a second control command is needed for at least a hydrogen fueling station and/or the hydrogen fueled mobility, in addition to a first control command executed on a dispenser side; and, according to the result of the determining step, generating the second control command for the hydrogen fueling station and/or the hydrogen fueled mobility.