Concentric Nozzle Structure for Hydrogen Burner NOx Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Hydrogen gas burners generate excessive NOx due to the high reactivity of hydrogen, causing local flame temperatures to rise, which existing nozzle structures fail to adequately address.
Innovation Solution
A nozzle structure with concentric outer and inner tubes, where oxygen-containing gas is discharged axially and hydrogen gas passes through the space between the tubes, preventing premature mixing and reducing NOx formation, further enhanced by fin configurations to propel gases along the axial direction and prevent mixture progression.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If hydrogen gas is used as fuel gas, then combustion efficiency is improved, but local flame temperature becomes high causing excessive NOx generation
Solution Approach 1:
The nozzle divides the combustion process into distinct spatial zones using concentric tubes. Hydrogen gas flows through the annular space while oxygen-containing gas flows through the inner tube, segmenting the reactant paths to prevent premature mixing and control combustion timing, thereby reducing peak flame temperatures and NOx generation while maintaining combustion efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
The invention transitions from conventional single-dimension gas mixing to a multi-dimensional concentric tube structure. By arranging gas flow paths in radial layers (inner tube for oxygen-containing gas, annular space for hydrogen), the system controls combustion in multiple spatial dimensions, enabling better temperature distribution and reduced NOx formation
2Productivity
If hydrogen gas and oxygen-containing gas are mixed before combustion, then combustion efficiency is improved, but flame temperature becomes too high locally
Solution Approach 1:
The nozzle structure prepares the combustion process by separately transporting hydrogen and oxygen-containing gases through dedicated flow paths before they reach the combustion zone. This preliminary spatial separation prevents premature mixing and uncontrolled temperature spikes, while still enabling efficient combustion when the gases finally interact at the intended location
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The described nozzle structure effectively suppresses NOx generation by preventing local flame temperature increases, reducing NOx production while maintaining efficient combustion, and minimizing flashback phenomena.
Implementation Method 1
the inner tube is disposed so that an oxygen-containing gas is discharged from an opened end of the inner tube in an axial direction, and the outer tube extends beyond the opened end of the inner tube in the axial direction so that a hydrogen gas passes through a space between an inner circumferential surface of the outer tube and an outer circumferential surface of the inner tube
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides a nozzle structure for a hydrogen gas burner apparatus capable of reducing an amount of generated NOx. A nozzle structure for a hydrogen gas burner apparatus includes an outer tube and an inner tube concentrically disposed inside the outer tube. The inner tube is disposed so that an oxygen-containing gas is discharged from an opened end of the inner tube in an axial direction of the inner tube. The outer tube extends beyond the opened end of the inner tube in the axial direction of the inner tube so that a hydrogen gas passes through a space between an inner circumferential surface of the outer tube and an outer circumferential surface of the inner tube.