Hydrogen Surface Combustion Burner With Separate Gas-Air Circuits
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing surface combustion burners are not suitable for hydrogen fuel due to the risk of flashback and detonation, and they have limited power modulation ranges.
Innovation Solution
A deflagration-proof and detonation-proof surface combustion burner design with separate air and gas circuits that mix at the last moment within microchambers on the burner's rims, preventing flashback and allowing wide power modulation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If air/gas premix burners are used to reduce polluting discharge, then combustion control is improved, but the risk of flashback and detonation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The burner is divided into separate air injection system and gas injection system, with air and gas injected through different orifices at different stages. The air is injected first through burner body orifices, creating a pre-combustion zone, followed by gas injection through distributor orifices. This segmentation prevents premature mixing that could lead to flashback while still achieving complete combustion.
Solution Approach 2:
Air is injected and prepared in advance through the burner body orifices before gas is introduced. This preliminary air preparation creates a controlled environment for subsequent gas combustion, preventing flashback by ensuring air is ready but gas is not yet present to ignite prematurely.
2Use of energy by moving object
If the flame is kept close to the burner surface for efficient combustion, then energy efficiency is improved, but the burner jacket ages rapidly due to reddening
Solution Approach 1:
The combustion process is segmented into two stages: first air injection through burner body orifices creates a protective air layer, then gas injection through distributor orifices occurs. This segmentation allows the flame to be positioned optimally for efficiency while the preliminary air layer protects the burner jacket from direct flame contact and thermal damage.
3Reliability
If the flow rate is increased to prevent flame returning into the burner, then flashback is avoided, but the flame may be uprooted due to excessive flow
Solution Approach 1:
The flow control is segmented into two independent systems: air flow control through burner body orifices and gas flow control through distributor orifices. This allows precise balancing of air-to-gas ratio, maintaining flame stability while preventing flashback by ensuring sufficient air flow without excessive velocity that would uproot the flame.
Solution Approach 2:
The air-to-gas ratio parameter is independently optimized through separate injection systems. By controlling air flow rate and gas flow rate separately, the system can maintain the flame in a stable state that prevents flashback while avoiding conditions that would cause flame uprooting.
4Reliability
If the burner is designed for natural gas with low propagation speed, then safe operation is achieved, but the burner cannot effectively utilize hydrogen with high propagation speed
Solution Approach 1:
The injection system is segmented into air injection and gas injection components that can be independently adjusted. This segmentation allows the air-to-gas ratio to be optimized for different fuel types. For hydrogen with high propagation speed, the system can increase air flow relative to gas flow to maintain safe combustion, whereas natural gas would require different ratios, all while maintaining the same physical burner structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The combustion parameters, particularly the air-to-gas ratio and injection timing, can be changed to accommodate different fuel properties. The separate injection systems allow independent adjustment of air and gas flow rates to match the propagation speed characteristics of different gases, enabling safe operation with both natural gas and hydrogen.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The burner effectively operates with hydrogen, preventing flashback and detonation while offering a wide range of power modulation from 1 to 10, with low NOx emissions and reduced pollution.
Implementation Method 1
the air penetrates the burner body, circulates between the branches of the distributor body and in the gap and escapes from the burner through the rims of the burner body, while the gas penetrates the housing of the distributor body, circulates in the lamellar space of the branches then through the orifices and rims of this distributor body and finally through the rims of the burner body within which it meets the air and is mixed with this one
Implementation Method 2
Surface combustion burners of the prior art are therefore also not very suited to the use of hydrogen gas, if one wishes to be able to use such a burner over a wide range of power variations
Implementation Method 3
these orifices being disposed in several rows of aligned orifices, the gas distributor comprises a distributor body which delimits a housing connectable to a gas supply source, the distributor body comprises a plurality of longitudinal gas distribution branches
Data Source
AI summary
A flame-proof and explosion-proof surface combustion gas includes a burner body pierced with a series of orifices, each of which is extended by a rim, wherein the orifices are arranged in several rows of aligned orifices; and a gas distributor that includes a distributor body equipped with a plurality of longitudinal gas-distribution branches, each branch being pierced with a line of orifices bordered by a rim. The distributor body is positioned inside the burner body such that each orifice of the distributor body is coaxial with an orifice of the burner body, wherein when the burner body is coupled to an air supply source and the distributor body is coupled to a gas supply source, the air and the gas mix only at the rims of the burner body.