Hydrogen-Containing Transition Metal Oxide Tri-State Phase Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for hydrogen-containing transition metal oxides are limited to achieving only two-phase transformations, and there is no method to regulate these oxides using an electric field to achieve a tri-state phase transformation.
Innovation Solution
A hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide with a structural formula of ABOxHy, where A is an alkaline earth or rare-earth metal and B is a transition metal, is developed, allowing for tri-state phase transformation by soaking the oxide in an ionic liquid and applying an electric field to control hydrogen and oxygen insertion/extraction, enabling reversible structural and property changes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional hydrogenation methods (using hydrides like CaH2 and NaH) are used to hydrogenate transition metal oxide, then hydrogen insertion can be achieved, but only two-phase transformation is limited and no tri-state phase transformation can be realized
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an ionic liquid as an intermediary medium to enable tri-state phase transformation. The ionic liquid serves as a mediator that facilitates hydrogen insertion and oxygen extraction through electric field control, allowing transitions between metallic phase, intermediate phase, and insulating phase that cannot be achieved by conventional direct hydrogenation methods
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs electric field strength as a controllable parameter to regulate phase transformation. By adjusting the electric field intensity during ionic liquid treatment, the system can precisely control hydrogen insertion and oxygen extraction processes, enabling reversible transitions among three distinct phases with different electrical and optical properties
2Adaptability or versatility
If thermal oxidation method is used to achieve structural transition, then transformation between two phases can be achieved, but tri-state phase transformation and electric field regulation are not possible
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces thermal energy-driven oxidation with electric field-driven ionic liquid treatment. Instead of using high temperature thermal oxidation to achieve phase transformation, the system uses electric field to drive hydrogen insertion and oxygen extraction through the ionic liquid, enabling phase transformation at lower temperatures with precise controllability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent substitutes temperature parameter with electric field strength parameter for controlling phase transformation. The electric field intensity becomes the primary control variable, allowing precise regulation of hydrogen and oxygen content to achieve tri-state phase transformation without requiring high temperature conditions
3Volume of stationary object
If hydrogen is inserted into transition metal oxide to form H-M bonds, then lattice volume is reduced, but control over electrical and magnetic properties is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback control mechanism where electric field strength is adjusted based on desired electrical and magnetic properties. By monitoring the material's response and modulating the electric field accordingly, the system can precisely control hydrogen insertion depth and oxygen extraction extent, thereby regulating electrical conductivity and magnetic properties while managing lattice volume changes
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses electric field strength as a tunable parameter to control the degree of hydrogen insertion and oxygen extraction. By varying the electric field intensity, the system can continuously adjust the material's electrical and magnetic properties and lattice volume, providing ease of operation and precise property regulation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for a controllable transformation among three distinct structural phases with different electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, enabling versatile applications in electrical devices and primary batteries.
Implementation Method 1
water in the ionic liquid is capable of being decomposed into hydrogen ions and oxygen ions under an action of an electric field
Implementation Method 2
applying an electric field to the transition metal oxide to cause the hydrogen ions in the ionic liquid to insert into the transition metal oxide
Implementation Method 3
H ions would substitute O of the oxide to form H-M bonds (M is a transition metal). Since the H-M bond is shorter than M-O, the hydrogenated oxide exhibits a characteristic of reduced lattice volume
Data Source
AI summary
A hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide is provided. The hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide has a structural formula of ABOxHy, wherein A is one or more of alkaline earth metal elements and rare-earth metal elements, B is one or more of transition metal elements, x is a numeric value in a range of 1 to 3, and y is a numeric value in a range of 0 to 2.5. The present disclosure further provides a primary battery by using the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide as electrodes and a method for making the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide.