Hydrogen Gas Turbine Heat Loop for CO2 Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional hydrogen-fueled gas turbines face challenges with excessive temperatures at the combustor end and turbine inlet, which hinder efficient operation and CO2 capture, particularly in pre-combustion CO2 capture processes.
Innovation Solution
A closed heat transfer loop between the combustor/turbine end and the CO2 absorbent regenerator, utilizing a hollow ring-shaped compartment and suitable heat transfer mediums like hydrogen, water vapor, or CO2, to efficiently manage temperatures and facilitate CO2 capture.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If pre-combustion CO2 capture is used in hydrogen-fueled gas turbines, then CO2 capture efficiency is improved, but combustion temperature becomes excessively high
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts the harmful excess heat from the combustion process by introducing a separate cooling airflow path that bypasses the main combustion chamber. This extracted heat is then utilized in a heat exchanger to preheat the cooling air, thereby reducing the excessive combustion temperature while maintaining effective CO2 capture through the sorbent material.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces a cooling air flow as an intermediary medium between the combustion chamber and the turbine. This cooling air serves dual purposes: it moderates the excessive combustion temperature by absorbing heat, and simultaneously preheats before entering the heat exchanger, improving overall system efficiency while enabling CO2 capture.
2Temperature
If high temperature materials are used to withstand excessive temperatures, then temperature resistance is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts the thermal stress problem by introducing a dedicated cooling airflow path that removes excess heat before it reaches temperature-sensitive components. This extraction approach allows the use of conventional materials rather than complex high-temperature material systems, thereby reducing device complexity and cost.
Solution Approach 2:
The cooling air flow serves itself by being preheated in the heat exchanger using the excess heat from the combustion chamber. This self-service approach improves the efficiency of the cooling system while reducing the thermal load on materials, allowing standard materials to be used instead of complex high-temperature materials.
3Temperature
If cooling airflow is introduced to reduce temperature, then temperature control is improved, but energy efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention uses a heat exchanger as an intermediary to transfer the excess heat from the combustion chamber to the cooling air flow. This intermediary mechanism converts what would be wasted heat into useful preheating of the cooling air, thereby maintaining effective temperature control while improving overall energy efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention converts the harmful excess heat that causes overheating into a beneficial resource by using it to preheat the cooling air flow in the heat exchanger. This conversion transforms the temperature control problem into an energy recovery opportunity, improving energy efficiency while maintaining effective temperature control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enables a cost and energy-efficient hydrogen-fueled gas turbine power plant to operate sustainably, effectively capturing CO2 while managing high temperatures, thus improving the efficiency and stability of the power generation process.
Implementation Method 1
CO2 capture can be obtained by three main methods; post-combustion, pre-combustion and combustion in almost pure oxygen
Implementation Method 2
A closed heat transfer loop between the combustor/turbine end and the CO2 absorbent regenerator
Implementation Method 3
hydrogen or hydrogen rich gases have historically led to combustion temperatures that are too high for conventional gas turbines
Data Source
AI summary
Hydrogen-fueled gas turbine power system comprising a compressor (22), a combustor (24) and a turbine (26) as well as a fuel supply device (10). The fuel supply device (10) has the form of a hydrogen gas producing reactor system with at least one reactor (12) based on sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) and/or sorption enhanced water gas shift (SE-WGS) of syngas. The reactor (12) is connected in a closed loop with a regenerator (14) for circulating and regenerating a CO2 absorber between the reactor (12) and the regenerator (14). Additionally, there is a closed heat exchange loop (21) between the regenerator (14) of the hydrogen gas producing reactor system (10) and the downstream end of the combustor (24) or the upstream end of the turbine (26). A method of its use is also contemplated.