Photostable Carbonate-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Pyrethrum Composition
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Solution Overview
Problem
Natural insecticides like pyrethrum extracts from the Chrysanthemum or Tanacetum genus are photodegradable and volatile, limiting their agricultural use due to lack of photostability and the need for synthetic UV protectors, which poses environmental concerns.
Innovation Solution
A photostable composition comprising carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite with the formula Ca(10-y/2)(PO4)(6-y)(CO3)y(OH)2, where y is between 0.01 and 2, combined with vegetable extracts from the Chrysanthemum or Tanacetum genus, providing enhanced photostability and fertilizing benefits without synthetic UV protectors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If pyrethrum extract and its components are used as natural insecticides, then low toxicity for mammals and high insecticide activity are achieved, but photodegradability and volatility limit their agricultural use
Solution Approach 1:
Carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite serves as an intermediary carrier that absorbs and protects pyrethrum extract components. The hydroxyapatite matrix acts as a protective intermediary, shielding the photodegradable pyrethrins from direct UV exposure while maintaining their insecticidal activity, thereby resolving the contradiction between effectiveness and photostability
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite material system combining carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite with pyrethrum extract components. This composite approach integrates the protective properties of the hydroxyapatite matrix with the bioactive pyrethrins, achieving both photostability and insecticidal efficacy simultaneously
2Stability of the object's composition
If synthetic UV protectors such as benzophenones and benzotriazoles are used to protect pyrethrum extract, then photostability is improved, but environmental concerns and the presence of synthetic chemicals arise
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces persistent synthetic UV protectors with a natural, biodegradable hydroxyapatite matrix. The hydroxyapatite serves as a temporary protective carrier that degrades safely in the environment, eliminating the harmful persistent synthetic chemicals while providing necessary photoprotection during the product's functional lifecycle
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the protective mechanism from chemical UV absorption (synthetic benzophenones/benzotriazoles) to physical encapsulation and matrix protection (hydroxyapatite). This parameter change in the protection mechanism eliminates synthetic chemicals while maintaining photostability, addressing the environmental concern
3Reliability
If separate fertilizer treatments are applied to plants, then nutritional needs are met, but environmental pollution from fertilizer accumulation in soil and water increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention merges the insecticide function with the fertilizer function into a single integrated product. Carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite inherently provides phosphorus and calcium nutrition to plants while simultaneously serving as a protective carrier for pyrethrum extract. This combination eliminates the need for separate fertilizer applications, reducing environmental pollution from fertilizer accumulation while ensuring plant nutritional needs are met
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition significantly extends the photostability of pyrethrum extracts and active components, offering effective insecticide activity while reducing environmental impact by minimizing the need for separate fertilizers and avoiding synthetic UV protectors.
Implementation Method 1
the carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite of formula (I) above improves the photostabilization of vegetable extracts of plants of the Chrysanthemum or Tanacetum genus
Implementation Method 2
the carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite of formula (I) above provides also a beneficial fertilizing effect on the plants treated with the photostable composition according to the invention
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a to novel photostable compositions of carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite containing at least one vegetable extract of at least one plant of the Chrysanthemum or Tanacetum genus.