Hyperboloid Bone Scaffold Structure for Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current bone tissue engineering scaffolds lack sufficient osteogenic and angiogenic capacity, leading to inadequate clinical outcomes in large bone defects, and existing methods like stem cell seeding and growth factor incorporation face ethical issues and uncontrolled release.
Innovation Solution
Development of scaffolds with a hyperboloid structure fabricated using Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) 3D printing, incorporating β-tricalcium phosphate, which promotes osteogenic and angiogenic capabilities through varying Gaussian curvatures, enhancing cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional bone tissue engineering scaffolds are used, then they are widely available and can be mass produced, but they lack sufficient osteogenic and angiogenic capacity to achieve good clinical outcomes in large bone defects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies hyperboloid curved surface structure to scaffold struts and trabeculae, creating varying Gaussian curvatures that mimic natural bone microarchitecture. This curvature design promotes osteogenic and angiogenic capabilities while maintaining manufacturability through 3D printing technology, resolving the contradiction between biological performance and manufacturing ease.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies geometric parameters of the scaffold by introducing hyperboloid structures with controlled Gaussian curvatures (K1 and K2 values). This parameter change enhances osteogenic and angiogenic capacity without compromising manufacturability, as the modified geometry can be fabricated using advanced 3D printing methods.
2Reliability
If stem cells are seeded or growth factors are incorporated to enhance osteogenic potential, then bone regeneration capability is improved, but ethical issues arise and release is uncontrolled
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables the scaffold to self-promote bone regeneration through its hyperboloid surface geometry, which inherently stimulates osteogenic and angiogenic responses without requiring external biological agents. This self-service approach eliminates ethical concerns associated with stem cell seeding and avoids uncontrolled release issues of growth factors.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the biological activation function from external agents (stem cells and growth factors) and embeds it directly into the physical geometry of the scaffold itself. The hyperboloid structure inherently provides the osteoinductive and angiogenic signals, removing the need for separate biological components and their associated ethical and control problems.
3Reliability
If trabecular bone biomimetic hyperboloid structure is fabricated, then regenerative cell behavior and function are enhanced, but manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces traditional mechanical manufacturing methods with 3D printing technology, which uses digital modeling and additive fabrication to create complex hyperboloid structures. This substitution enables precise control of Gaussian curvatures and surface geometries while maintaining manufacturability, as the complex shapes are built layer-by-layer from digital designs rather than through complex mechanical machining.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The hyperboloid structure scaffolds demonstrate improved osteogenic and angiogenic potential, accelerating bone regeneration by promoting osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling, as shown in in vivo models, with enhanced mechanical properties and cytocompatibility.
Implementation Method 1
concave or convex surface topography has a significant impact on stem cell behavior and function, as they can affect protein aggregation on stem cell membranes or deform the nucleus, thereby activating different cell signaling pathways
Implementation Method 2
Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structured 3D scaffolds which embody biomimicking hyperboloidal topography with varying Gaussian curvatures are provided
Data Source
AI summary
Provided herein are a scaffold having a surface hyperboloid structure and its fabrication method and application. The scaffold has internally disposed with pores where each of the pores connects with each other and any point on a surface of each of the pores has the hyperboloid structure. Since the surface of the scaffold is smooth and stress concentration is thereby avoided, the scaffold can withstand a greater external force in the case of the same porosity. Moreover, since the pores inside the scaffold connect with each other, the scaffold has a better permeability to fluid and is more conducive to tissue ingrowth. In addition, the scaffold has a large internal surface area, rendering it feasible to subsequent surface treatment, such as film coating, to be carried out on the internal surface of the scaffold.