Contactless IC Card Phase Difference Synchronization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing contactless IC card readers using communication protocols like 14443 and 15693 have security risks due to the potential for third-party interception and data alteration, as they consider response data valid within a frame waiting time without ensuring the data's reliability.
Innovation Solution
A data communication method and system where terminals detect phase differences in communication carrier signals to synchronize data transmission and reception, ensuring precise timing and preventing external data alteration by only accepting reply packets within a threshold phase difference range, thereby enhancing security and compatibility with existing protocols.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If the card reader waits for response data within the frame waiting time (FWT) after sending instruction data, then the communication efficiency is improved, but the security is worsened because third parties can intercept and return response data within the FWT time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by having the card reader generate and send a challenge data packet before receiving the response data packet. This challenge packet is used to verify the authenticity of the response data, ensuring that the response comes from the legitimate card and not from a third party who intercepted the communication. The challenge-response mechanism is established in advance to prevent unauthorized data return within the FWT period.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback by using the challenge data packet to verify the response data packet. The card reader sends the challenge packet, receives the response packet, and then verifies the response against the challenge to determine authenticity. This feedback mechanism allows the system to detect and reject fraudulent response data, thereby improving security while maintaining communication efficiency within the FWT timeframe.
2Loss of time
If the card reader accepts any response data returned within the FWT time, then the timekeeping accuracy is improved, but the measurement precision is worsened because the system cannot distinguish between legitimate and intercepted response data
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by sending the challenge data packet before the response data packet is received. This challenge packet contains verification information that is used later to authenticate the response data. By preparing and sending the challenge in advance, the system maintains accurate timekeeping while enabling precise verification of data authenticity when the response arrives within the FWT period.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback by using the challenge data packet as a verification reference for the response data packet. The card reader compares the response data against the previously sent challenge to determine authenticity. This feedback mechanism enables the system to maintain accurate timekeeping for responses within FWT while achieving precise measurement of data authenticity through the challenge-response verification process.
3Adaptability or versatility
If the card reader uses existing communication protocols like 14443 and 15693, then the adaptability is improved, but the security is worsened due to the inherent vulnerabilities in these protocols
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies universality by implementing the challenge-response verification mechanism within the existing communication protocol framework. The card reader and card both support the same protocol (such as 14443 or 15693), but the patent adds an additional verification layer that works alongside the existing protocol. This multi-functional approach maintains protocol compatibility while enhancing data reliability and security against third-party interception.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses the challenge data packet as an intermediary verification mechanism between the card reader and the response data packet. This challenge packet acts as a mediator that verifies the authenticity of the response data without replacing the existing communication protocol. The intermediary challenge-response mechanism works within the existing protocol framework to enhance security while maintaining adaptability to different protocol versions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly improves the timekeeping accuracy of data communication, ensuring that only valid data is processed and reducing the risk of external data alteration, while maintaining compatibility with existing communication protocols.
Implementation Method 1
the communication data signal is obtained by the first terminal by means of modulating the data packet to be processed onto the communication carrier signal
Implementation Method 2
the first terminal beginning to detect a first phase difference between a waveform phase of the communication carrier signal with a first initial phase
Implementation Method 3
the second terminal beginning to detect a second phase difference between the waveform phase of the communication carrier signal and a second initial phase
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2~3
Figure 4
AI summary
The present invention provides a data communication method and system; once it completes sending a to-be-processed data packet, a first terminal begins to measure a first phase difference between a waveform phase difference of a communications carrier signal with a first initial phase difference, and only if the first phase difference is within a threshold range, receives a reply packet; a second terminal completes reception and begins to measure a second phase difference between the waveform phase difference of the communications carrier signal and a second initial phase difference, and only if the second phase difference reaches Δϕ, sends a reply packet; the first terminal and second terminal send and receive data simultaneously by means of measuring phase difference, greatly improving the timekeeping accuracy of the two parties; thus it is ensured that the first terminal and second terminal send and receive a reply packet only at a moment of specifically high accuracy, the risk of data received by the first terminal being altered externally during transmission is prevented, and the reliability of the reply packet received by the first terminal is increased.