Ice Adhesion Test Device With Rotating Sample Plate

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for testing ice-phobic coatings are inadequate as they do not accurately represent the adhesion of ice formed in real-world atmospheric icing conditions, and fail to simulate the behavior of runback ice effectively, leading to insufficient assessment of coating performance on structures like aircraft.

Innovation Solution

An ice adhesion test device featuring a well with a sample plate and an ice-engagement element that prevents ice rotation, allowing for rotational torque application and measurement, enabling accurate assessment of ice adhesion strength, particularly for accreted ice and runback ice scenarios.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional freezing methods are used to create homogeneous glaze ice for testing, then the testing process is simple, but the test results do not accurately represent atmospheric ice adhesion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaccuracy of ice adhesion measurementVSAvoidcomplexity of ice formation system
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the fundamental parameter of ice formation from conventional homogeneous freezing to atmospheric icing simulation. The test device creates accreted ice by exposing the sample to supercooled water droplets in a controlled atmosphere, fundamentally changing how ice is formed to match real-world conditions while maintaining measurable adhesion properties

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a simplified copy of atmospheric icing conditions in a laboratory setting. By using a controlled environment chamber that generates supercooled droplets and applies them to the sample, the device replicates the essential characteristics of atmospheric ice formation without requiring full-scale wind tunnel testing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Measurement precision

If ice rotation is allowed during torque application, then the testing procedure is simpler, but the ice layer may rotate relative to the engagement element preventing accurate measurement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaccuracy of adhesion strength measurementVSAvoidease of torque testing operation
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The ice engagement element features an asymmetric keyway or protrusion that prevents rotational movement of the ice layer. This asymmetric geometric constraint ensures the ice remains fixed relative to the engagement element during torque application, enabling accurate measurement of adhesion strength without allowing ice rotation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The engagement element is designed with a curved or contoured surface that matches the curvature of the ice layer. This curved geometry provides optimal contact area and mechanical interlocking, preventing ice rotation while maintaining ease of operation through smooth torque application

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

3Adaptability or versatility

If existing ice adhesion testing methods are used, then the testing equipment is simpler, but they cannot simulate runback ice behavior

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveability to test different ice typesVSAvoidcomplexity of ice simulation system
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The test device is designed with multi-functionality to handle different ice types. The same basic apparatus can test both accreted ice (formed directly on the sample) and runback ice (formed by melting and refreezing), allowing a single device to perform multiple testing functions without requiring separate specialized equipment for each ice type

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention introduces dynamic temperature control to simulate runback ice conditions. By programmatically varying the temperature of the sample and environment, the device can create melting and refreezing cycles that reproduce runback ice formation, transforming a static testing device into a dynamic simulation system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The device provides a more accurate measurement of ice adhesion strength, simulating real-world conditions and effectively evaluating the performance of ice-phobic coatings against accreted and runback ice, enhancing the assessment of coating effectiveness.

Implementation Method 1

the ice-engagement element is shaped or roughened to prevent rotation of the layer of accreted ice relative to the ice-engagement element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFriction: Friction

Implementation Method 2

torque means for applying a rotational torque between the sample plate and the ice-engagement element; and transducer means for, at least at a point at which the layer of accreted ice separates from the sample plate, measuring the rotational torque and/or the stress on the ice

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTorque: Torque

Implementation Method 3

measuring the rotational torque and/or the stress on the ice

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectStress:

Data Source

PatentEP3458829B1Ice test devices
Publication Date: 2022.03.02 GKN AEROSPACE SERVICES LTD
  • EP3458829B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3458829B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3458829B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3b

AI summary

Ice test devices are disclosed. One such ice test device is an ice adhesion test device. The ice adhesion test device comprises an ice adhesion test target in the form of a well in which, in use, a layer of accreted ice is built up. The target comprises a sample plate at the bottom of the well and an ice-engagement element positioned circumferentially around the sample plate and providing a side wall of the well, and wherein the sample plate is rotatable relative to the ice-engagement element. The ice adhesion test device also comprises torque means for applying a rotational torque between the sample plate and the ice-engagement element. The ice adhesion test device also comprises transducer means for, at least at a point at which the layer of accreted ice separates from the sample plate, measuring the rotational torque and/or the stress on the ice.