Ice Bomb Bedrock Cracking Apparatus
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current tunnel excavation methods using tunnel boring machines (TBMs) face inefficiencies in bedrock excavation, as they require multiple holes and can lead to wear of equipment, reducing service life and excavation efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A bedrock crack apparatus using a powder keg type ice explosive, where a sealed tube filled with water and liquid nitrogen is inserted into a via hole formed in the bedrock, leveraging the principle of volume expansion upon freezing to efficiently crack the bedrock, with a packer and nitrogen injection nozzle for reliable sealing and cracking.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If tunnel boring machines are used for bedrock excavation, then excavation can be performed without explosives and with minimal vibration, but excavation efficiency is reduced due to the need to form multiple holes and equipment wear
Solution Approach 1:
The invention utilizes the phase transition of water from liquid to solid (freezing) when liquid nitrogen is injected into the sealed tube. This phase change causes volume expansion of approximately 9%, generating sufficient force to crack the bedrock without using explosives, thereby maintaining safety while improving excavation efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the temperature parameter by injecting liquid nitrogen (at approximately -196°C) into the sealed tube containing water. This extreme temperature change causes the water to freeze and expand, creating the necessary force to fracture the bedrock with a single hole instead of multiple holes
2Strength
If multiple holes are formed and cracking work is performed with conventional methods, then bedrock can be broken, but excavation efficiency is low and equipment service life is reduced due to wear
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts the essential cracking function into a dedicated sealed tube system that can be inserted into a single pre-formed via hole. This extracted system contains all necessary components (sealed tube, water, and nitrogen injection mechanism) to perform the cracking operation independently, eliminating the need for multiple holes and repeated equipment operations
Solution Approach 2:
The invention performs preliminary action by pre-filling the sealed tube with water before insertion into the via hole. This preliminary preparation ensures that when liquid nitrogen is injected, the water is already in position to freeze and expand, immediately generating cracking force without requiring additional preparation steps or multiple operations
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method allows for efficient cracking of bedrock with reduced equipment wear and faster excavation, as the expansion force from freezing water effectively breaks the bedrock, minimizing water leakage and extending equipment lifespan.
Implementation Method 1
a sealed tube filled with water and a liquid nitrogen is inserted in the interior of the via hole, thus causing cracks in the bedrock based on the principle where volume expands when water is frozen
Implementation Method 2
based on the principle where volume expands when water is frozen and easily cracking the bedrock
Implementation Method 3
a packer and nitrogen injection nozzle for reliable sealing and cracking
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3(a)~3(b)
AI summary
Disclosed is a bedrock crack apparatus using a powder keg type ice explosive wherein a via hole is formed at a bedrock using a via hole apparatus, and a sealed tube filled with water and a liquid nitrogen is inserted in the interior of the via hole, thus causing cracks in the bedrock based on the principle where volume expands when water is frozen and easily cracking the bedrock. The above bedrock crack apparatus may include a packer which is fixedly inserted in the mouth of a via hole formed at a bedrock; an inner tube which is disposed at the packer and is filled with water; an injection device which is connected to the packer; a nitrogen injection nozzle which is installed at the injection device and passes through the packer; and a supply unit which is connected to the injection device to supply liquid nitrogen.