Identropy Challenge-Response Authentication for Offline Item Verification

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing authentication methods for physical items are inefficient and require online connectivity, making them slow, inconsistent, or impractical for mass-produced items, and they fail to provide a flexible and secure means for end-users to verify authenticity.

Innovation Solution

Implementing entropically configured distinct physical features (identropies) with challenge-response interactions, public-key cryptography, and encryption, allowing offline authentication using unique identifiers and trust quotients.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If online connectivity is required for authentication, then central verification can be performed, but authentication becomes slow, inconsistent, or impossible without internet access

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication reliabilityVSAvoidauthentication accessibility
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The authentication system is segmented into two independent parts: (1) a database containing public keys and verification algorithms stored locally in the authentication device, and (2) the authentication process itself that can execute offline. This segmentation allows the system to maintain reliable verification capabilities while enabling accessibility without internet connection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Public keys and verification data are downloaded and stored in the authentication device before offline authentication is needed. This preliminary action ensures that all necessary verification resources are available locally, eliminating the need for internet connectivity during the actual authentication process and ensuring both reliability and accessibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Measurement precision

If traditional authentication features are used, then items can be distinguished, but these features can be mimicked or copied by counterfeiters

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveitem distinction accuracyVSAvoidcounterfeit resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses asymmetric cryptography where each item has a private key (kept secure by the item owner) and a corresponding public key (stored in the authentication device). This asymmetric structure makes it computationally infeasible for counterfeiters to replicate the authentication credentials, as they would need to derive the private key from the public key, which is mathematically impossible with current technology.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The authentication system transforms physical item characteristics into digital parameters through imaging and processing. These digital parameters are then encrypted using cryptographic algorithms, creating a unique authentication signature for each item that is extremely difficult to replicate. The parameter transformation from physical to digital domain enhances both distinction accuracy and counterfeit resistance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If mass-produced items require authentication, then authenticity verification is needed, but server capacity at the central verification end is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication throughputVSAvoidcentral server capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The verification database and public keys are extracted from the central server and distributed to individual authentication devices. This extraction eliminates the need for a centralized verification server to handle each authentication request, allowing unlimited authentication throughput while reducing central server capacity requirements to only initial key distribution.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Authentication devices are equipped with all necessary verification resources (public keys, algorithms) to perform authentication independently without requiring central server involvement. This self-service capability enables each device to authenticate items locally, dramatically increasing authentication throughput while minimizing central server workload to only initial setup and key management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP4097642B1Methods for authenticating an item
Publication Date: 2025.09.10 AVERY DENNISON RETAIL INFORMATION SERVICES LLC

AI summary

Methods and systems including one or more entropically configured distinct physical features (an "identropy") that serve as unique identifiers for a physical item, such as a product or device, particularly products and/or devices in commerce, documents, packaging, etc. are described herein. The identropy makes it possible to uniquely distinguish one item from the other. In one embodiment, the identropy needs to be converted into a digital entity which can be done through a challenge - response interaction, in which a physical challenge acts upon the identropy, and in which the identropy as a reaction to the challenge will provide a physical response. In some embodiments, the response(s) described above is encrypted. In some embodiments, the resulting decrypted and optionally decompressed code can be compared to the digital response that was retrieved upon the challenge by the authentication device to estimate a trust score, such as a trust quotient.