Immunogenic Composition Using IFN-β Agonists for Tumor Antigen Presentation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current cancer treatments, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are ineffective against aggressive solid tumors like brain cancer and ovarian carcinoma, and immunotherapy struggles to stimulate adequate immune responses due to tumor defense strategies and genetic instability, leading to poor prognosis and recurrence.
Innovation Solution
Development of an immunogenic composition comprising cells expressing an interferon-β (IFN-β) receptor agonist and tumor antigens, which can be secreted or membrane-associated, to enhance local or systemic immunostimulatory effects, potentially used in combination with checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If standard treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) are used, then some cancers can be managed, but aggressive solid tumors remain highly resistant and prognosis is poor
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces immunotherapy as an intermediary approach between traditional treatments and tumor resistance. By using checkpoint inhibitors and IFN-β receptor agonists, the immune system is activated to recognize and attack tumor cells that are resistant to conventional therapies, thereby overcoming the resistance barrier without directly modifying the tumor or treatment modalities
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the therapeutic parameter from direct tumor targeting (surgery, chemotherapy) to immune system modulation. By administering checkpoint inhibitors and IFN-β receptor agonists, the treatment shifts from physically removing or chemically attacking tumors to biologically empowering the patient's immune system, fundamentally changing the mechanism of action to overcome resistance
2Reliability
If purified tumour antigens are used for vaccination, then immune response is stimulated, but the response is not strong enough to overcome tumor defense strategies
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses composite immunogenic compositions that combine multiple elements: tumor antigens (purified or recombinant), checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 antibodies), and IFN-β receptor agonists. This composite approach creates a synergistic effect where each component addresses different aspects of tumor immunity, collectively overcoming tumor evasion strategies more effectively than any single component alone
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges multiple immunotherapeutic approaches into a single vaccination strategy. By combining tumor antigen presentation with checkpoint inhibition and IFN-β signaling, the treatment integrates different immune activation pathways, creating a robust and multi-faceted immune response that can penetrate tumor defense mechanisms more effectively
3Reliability
If tumour antigens are presented to the immune system, then immune recognition occurs, but tumours reduce antigen amount, mask antigens, or express mutated versions to evade detection
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary anti-action by using checkpoint inhibitors to prevent tumor-mediated immune suppression before the tumor can effectively evade detection. The checkpoint inhibitors block the tumor's ability to downregulate immune responses, thereby preemptively countering the tumor's evasion strategies including antigen reduction, masking, and mutation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the stability parameter by introducing IFN-β receptor agonists that enhance antigen presentation and upregulate MHC expression on tumor cells. This counteracts tumor-induced antigen instability by actively maintaining and enhancing antigen visibility to the immune system, ensuring consistent immune recognition despite tumor attempts to alter antigen composition
4Reliability
If adaptive immune response is stimulated, then tumor-specific immunity increases, but the response remains inadequate to halt tumor growth
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces checkpoint inhibitors as intermediaries that amplify and sustain the adaptive immune response. By blocking checkpoint pathways (CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1), these inhibitors remove the brakes on T cell activation and proliferation, enabling the adaptive immune response to reach sufficient magnitude and duration to effectively control tumor growth
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite immunogenic compositions that include tumor antigens, checkpoint inhibitors, and IFN-β receptor agonists working synergistically. This composite strategy ensures that the adaptive immune response is not only initiated but also sustained and amplified to levels sufficient for tumor growth control, addressing the inadequacy of single-component approaches
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention provides an immunogenic composition comprising, consisting essentially of or consisting of: a) a cell expressing an interferon-β (IFN-β) receptor agonist, and b) a tumour antigen. The invention also provides methods of treatment using said compositions.