IgG Isotype Diagnostic Kit for Glucan Immune Response Prediction
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Solution Overview
Problem
The mechanism and robustness of the immune response generated by β-1,6-glucans in subjects are not well understood, and there is a need for a diagnostic tool to assess responsiveness to β-1,6-glucan-based pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines.
Innovation Solution
A diagnostic kit that measures IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 levels in response to β-1,6-glucan, using a composition comprising β-1,6-glucan and reagents for detecting these antibodies in a blood sample, allowing for the prediction of immune response robustness and responsiveness to glucan-based vaccines or adjuvants.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If β-1,6-glucan compositions are used to stimulate immune response, then immune activation and anti-infective/anti-tumor activity are improved, but the mechanism and robustness of the immune response remain poorly understood
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a diagnostic feedback system that measures IgG isotype levels (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) in response to β-1,6-glucan administration. This feedback mechanism allows clinicians to assess individual immune responsiveness and adjust treatment protocols accordingly, transforming the previously unknown mechanism into a measurable and controllable process through the diagnostic kit that quantifies specific antibody responses
2Adaptability or versatility
If diagnostic tools are developed to assess immune responsiveness, then personalized treatment optimization is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The diagnostic kit is segmented into distinct functional components: β-1,6-glucan composition for immune stimulation, detection reagents for measuring IgG isotypes, and protocols for assessing responsiveness. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently while maintaining overall system functionality, reducing manufacturing complexity through modular production of standardized reagent sets and control materials
Solution Approach 2:
The diagnostic kit employs universal detection methodologies that can assess multiple IgG isotypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) simultaneously using standardized protocols. This multi-functionality allows a single diagnostic system to evaluate comprehensive immune responses to β-1,6-glucan and potentially other glucan-based vaccines or adjuvants, reducing the need for multiple separate diagnostic tools
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The kit effectively predicts the immune response to β-1,6-glucans by determining specific IgG isotypes, enabling personalized assessment and optimization of glucan-based treatments and vaccines.
Implementation Method 1
reagents for detecting IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies bound to the β-1,6-glucan
Implementation Method 2
The complement (C) system of humans and other mammals involves more than 20 components that participate in an orderly sequence of reactions resulting in complement activation
Implementation Method 3
C3b binds to immune complexes... C3b produced by activation of either pathway acts as a central molecule in the subsequent formation of membrane attack complexes that can lyse microbes and also as an opsonin
Implementation Method 4
Recognition of β-glucans by macrophages is carried out mainly through Dectin-1... Dectin-1 binds specifically to β-1,3-glucans
Implementation Method 5
CR3 has a lectin domain that mediates increased neutrophil motility towards a mixture of β-1,3-glucan and β-1,6-glucan
Data Source
Figure 1Aa~1Cb
Figure 2Aa~2B
Figure 3A~3E
AI summary
The invention is directed to ß 1-6 glucans, compositions, diagnostic kits, and devices comprising the same, and methods of use thereof in modulating immune response and treating, delaying progression of, reducing the incidence or severity of cancer, infection, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. The ß 1-6 glucans of certain embodiments of the invention are enriched for O-acetylated groups and/or conjugated to a solid support or linked to a targeting moiety. The ß 1-6 glucans of certain embodiments of the invention recruit immunoglobulin G antibodies to mediate complement and neutrophil killing. The conjugated ß 1-6 glucans of certain embodiments of the invention are targeted to cells to stimulate the immune response at the target location by activating complement-mediated lysis and recruitment of neutrophils.