Image Embeddings for Multi-Class Object Tracking Across Views

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing systems face challenges in accurately tracking objects across multiple classes temporally and spatially, particularly in environments where objects undergo transformations, such as autonomous vehicles navigating through diverse obstacles.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a neural network that outputs image embeddings for multiple classes of objects, utilizing image patches to train the network, allowing for accurate identification and matching of objects across different frames and camera views by representing objects in a spatial representation, such as a unit sphere.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a neural network outputs image embeddings for multiple classes of objects, then object tracking accuracy across different frames and camera views is improved, but computational complexity and processing time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveobject tracking accuracyVSAvoidcomputational complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system segments the complex task of multi-class object tracking into distinct components: image patch extraction, neural network embedding generation, and embedding matching. By processing images in patches rather than entire images, and by separating the embedding generation from the matching process, the system reduces computational complexity while maintaining tracking accuracy across multiple classes of objects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The neural network-generated image embeddings serve as an intermediary representation that bridges different image frames and camera views. Instead of directly comparing raw images or features, the system uses embeddings as a standardized intermediate form that captures essential object characteristics, enabling accurate matching across temporal and spatial variations without requiring complex direct comparison algorithms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If image embeddings are used for object identification and matching, then tracking accuracy across multiple classes is improved, but processing latency increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetracking accuracyVSAvoidprocessing latency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary action by generating image embeddings in advance during the image processing stage, before the actual object matching and tracking decisions are made. These pre-computed embeddings are stored and reused for multiple comparison operations, avoiding the need to re-process original images repeatedly and reducing overall processing latency while maintaining high tracking accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system creates simplified copies of objects in the form of image embeddings—compact numerical representations that capture essential visual features. These embedding copies are much more efficient to store and compare than original image data, enabling rapid matching operations across multiple classes of objects without requiring access to the full-resolution source images, thus reducing processing latency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Adaptability or versatility

If multiple classes of objects are tracked simultaneously, then system versatility is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-class tracking capabilityVSAvoidtracking accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The neural network is trained to generate universal image embeddings that work across multiple classes of objects (vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists, etc.). This single unified embedding space allows the system to handle diverse object types with a common processing pipeline, maintaining versatility while preserving measurement precision through consistent embedding generation and matching procedures applicable to all object classes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The system applies local quality by extracting and processing image patches focused on specific objects of interest rather than processing entire scenes uniformly. Each object patch is independently embedded and tracked, allowing the system to maintain high precision for individual objects even when tracking multiple classes simultaneously, as each object receives dedicated processing attention within its local context.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentUS11430225B2Image embedding for object tracking
Publication Date: 2022.08.30 ZOOX INC
  • US11430225B2 patent drawing
  • US11430225B2 patent drawing
  • US11430225B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Techniques are disclosed for implementing a neural network that outputs embeddings. Furthermore, techniques are disclosed for using sensor data to train a neural network to learn such embeddings. In some examples, the neural network may be trained to learn embeddings. The embeddings may be used for object identification, object matching, object classification, and/or object tracking in various examples.