Image-Guided Radiotherapy System for Non-Invasive Fractionated Treatment

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Solution Overview

Problem

The use of stereotactic frames in radiation therapy is invasive and limited to treating lesions that can be considered as rigid bodies within the skull, restricting the treatment of lesions in wider areas like the neck and upper shoulder, and is not suitable for prolonged fractionated treatments.

Innovation Solution

A volumetric x-ray image-guidance system integrated with a multi-source irradiation unit, allowing non-invasive treatment by using alternative fixation methods and enabling precise localization of targets through imaging, which compensates for the lack of positional reproducibility and extends treatment duration and area coverage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If stereotactic frames are used for radiation therapy, then positioning accuracy is improved, but the treatment becomes invasive and limited to single-day procedures

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepositioning accuracyVSAvoidinvasiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the stereotactic frame from the treatment system, extracting the harmful invasive element while retaining the essential function of positioning accuracy through alternative image-guided methods and patient immobilization devices

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The mechanical stereotactic frame is replaced with an image-guided system using x-ray imaging and computer-based positioning, substituting a mechanical reference system with a visual and computational one that allows non-invasive treatment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Manufacturing precision

If stereotactic frames are used, then treatment precision is improved, but treatment duration is limited to single-day procedures

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetreatment precisionVSAvoidtreatment duration
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system transitions from a static, single-day treatment approach to a dynamic multi-day protocol, where the patient can be repositioned and reimaged between sessions, allowing fractionated treatment schedules that extend over weeks

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The image-guided system provides feedback on patient positioning and target localization for each treatment session, allowing precise adjustment and verification across multiple days without requiring the patient to return to the exact same physical frame position

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If stereotactic frames are used, then localization accuracy is improved, but the treatment area is restricted to rigid skull regions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelocalization accuracyVSAvoidtreatment area coverage
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The image-guided system serves multiple functions: it localizes targets in the skull, neck, and shoulder regions, verifies patient positioning, and guides treatment delivery, replacing the specialized stereotactic frame with a versatile imaging-based platform

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the reference frame from a rigid mechanical coordinate system tied to the skull to a flexible image-based coordinate system that can adapt to different anatomical regions including the neck and shoulder, where rigid body assumptions do not hold

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Adaptability or versatility

If image-guidance system is integrated, then treatment versatility is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetreatment versatilityVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the imaging system, patient positioning system, and treatment delivery system into an integrated platform, where shared components and coordinated control reduce overall system complexity despite the expanded functionality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables non-invasive, prolonged, and more accurate treatments for lesions in the brain, head, neck, and upper shoulder regions by maintaining positional accuracy and allowing for high-resolution imaging and precise target localization, overcoming the limitations of traditional stereotactic frames.

Implementation Method 1

an investigative radiation source and a detector therefor, moveable in synchrony to enable creation of a volumetric image

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-Ray: X-Ray

Data Source

PatentEP2326390B1Image-guided multi-source radiotherapy
Publication Date: 2013.12.11 ELEKTA AB
  • EP2326390B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2326390B1 patent drawingFigure 2~4
  • EP2326390B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

A highly compact, high-performance volumetric imaging system is proposed, that is integrated with a multi-source Cobalt-60 gamma irradiator for high throughput, high accuracy and minimally invasive fractioned treatments of intracranial, orbital and head-and-neck targets.