Solid-State Imaging Element with Optical Waveguide and Segmented Electrodes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing solid-state imaging elements face challenges in achieving further improvements in image quality due to limitations in existing technologies.
Innovation Solution
A solid-state imaging element configuration that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a first photoelectric conversion unit, a second photoelectric conversion unit, a first insulation layer, a second insulation layer, and an optical waveguide, where the second electrode, first photoelectric conversion unit, and first electrode are disposed in order, with the third electrode facing the first photoelectric conversion unit through the first insulation layer, and the optical waveguide positioned between the third electrode and the second photoelectric conversion unit, along with a semiconductor layer and a low dielectric constant material containing layer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If conventional solid-state imaging element structures are used, then manufacturing is simpler, but image quality cannot be improved further
Solution Approach 1:
The imaging element is divided into multiple independent photoelectric conversion units (first and second photoelectric conversion units) with distinct electrode arrangements. Each unit has its own electrode configuration (first electrode, second electrode, third electrode) that can be independently optimized, allowing complex functionality to be achieved through modular segmentation rather than a monolithic complex structure
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a vertical stacking dimension by disposing electrodes and photoelectric conversion units in multiple layers (first electrode, second electrode, third electrode in specific arrangements). This three-dimensional configuration allows light to be converted to electrical signals from multiple directions and planes, improving image quality through spatial differentiation without proportionally increasing manufacturing complexity
2Area of stationary object
If photoelectric conversion units are arranged closely, then device area is reduced, but random noise and color mixture increase
Solution Approach 1:
Insulation layers are introduced as intermediary structures between adjacent photoelectric conversion units and electrodes. These insulation layers act as barriers that prevent electrical interference and color mixture between neighboring pixels while maintaining compact spacing, thus reducing random noise without requiring large separation distances
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the imaging element have differentiated structures: the first photoelectric conversion unit has a specific electrode arrangement while the second photoelectric conversion unit has a different arrangement. This local quality differentiation allows each region to be optimized for specific functions (e.g., different color filters, different micro lens configurations) reducing color mixture while maintaining small overall device area
3Measurement precision
If electrode density is increased for better control, then sensitivity improves, but random noise increases
Solution Approach 1:
The electrode system is segmented into multiple independent electrodes (first electrode, second electrode, third electrode) that can be independently controlled. This segmentation allows the imaging element to achieve high sensitivity through multiple independent measurement channels while reducing random noise through statistical averaging and independent signal processing of each electrode's output
Solution Approach 2:
Insulation layers serve as intermediaries between densely packed electrodes, providing electrical isolation that prevents noise coupling between adjacent electrodes. This allows higher electrode density for improved sensitivity control while the insulation layers act as noise barriers that prevent the increase in random noise that would normally accompany increased electrode density
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances image quality by reducing random noise, improving sensitivity, and minimizing shading and color mixture, while allowing for global shutter functionality and independent pixel control.
Implementation Method 1
an optical waveguide 400-1-1 and an optical waveguide 400-1-2... extending from the light entrance side toward the first photoelectric conversion unit 100-1
Implementation Method 2
a first photoelectric conversion unit 100-1... and a second photoelectric conversion unit 200-1-1 and a second photoelectric conversion unit 200-1-2
Data Source
AI summary
Providing a solid-state imaging element capable of improving image quality. Provided is a solid-state imaging element at least including: a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a first photoelectric conversion unit, a second photoelectric conversion unit, a first insulation layer, a second insulation layer, and an optical waveguide. The second electrode, the first photoelectric conversion unit, and the first electrode are disposed in this order. The third electrode is provided away from the first electrode, and faces the first photoelectric conversion unit through the first insulation layer. The second insulation layer is provided between the third electrode and the second photoelectric conversion unit. The optical waveguide is provided between the third electrode and the second photoelectric conversion unit.