Imaging Apparatus Tilt Control for Depth of Field

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional surveillance cameras with obliquely directed optical axes face challenges in maintaining focus across varying depths in an imaging scene, leading to out-of-focus areas due to mismatched focal and imaging planes, and existing tilt control methods either prohibit control in deep scenes or require user intervention for focus selection.

Innovation Solution

An imaging apparatus that automatically detects the in-focus area and determines a suitable tilt angle by calculating evaluation values across multiple areas, using a tilt/zoom/focus controller to adjust the image sensor and lens positions based on optimal tilt angles, ensuring a wider depth of field and maintaining focus from short to long distances.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a conventional surveillance camera is installed with an obliquely downwardly directed optical axis, then the camera can monitor a person passing on a road or capture a car or its license plate, but the focal plane does not coincide with the imaging plane of the object, resulting in out-of-focus areas

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefocus accuracyVSAvoiddepth coverage
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the image sensor tiltable relative to the optical axis. The tilting angle is dynamically adjusted based on the detected depth of the object, transforming a static imaging system into a dynamic one that adapts to different depth requirements. This resolves the contradiction by allowing the focal plane to dynamically coincide with the imaging plane for objects at various depths.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the geometric parameter of the image sensor orientation by introducing a tilting angle. This parameter change allows the focal plane to be adjusted to match the imaging plane for objects at different depths, thereby improving focus accuracy while maintaining adaptability to various imaging scenarios.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If the Scheimpflug principle is used to expand the depth of field by tilting the optical system or image sensor, then the depth of field is expanded, but it becomes necessary to detect the in-focus area and determine the tilt angle based on evaluation values, increasing system complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedepth of fieldVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies self-service by enabling the system to automatically detect the in-focus area and determine the optimal tilt angle without requiring external intervention. The evaluation value calculation and tilt angle determination are performed autonomously by the system itself, reducing the need for complex external control mechanisms while maintaining adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback by using evaluation values calculated from the captured image to determine the tilt angle. The system continuously monitors the focus quality through evaluation values and adjusts the tilt angle accordingly, creating a closed-loop control system that simplifies the overall control architecture while achieving adaptive depth of field.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Reliability

If tilt control is prohibited when mutual coincidence of tilt angles is lower than a predetermined value, then control stability is maintained, but tilt control cannot be applied even in imaging scenes where depth of the object becomes deeper due to tilt imaging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol stabilityVSAvoidtilt control applicability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by evaluating the coincidence of tilt angles in different areas independently. Instead of applying a global prohibition based on overall coincidence, the system allows tilt control in specific areas where the coincidence condition is met, while prohibiting it only in areas where it is not met. This localized approach maintains control stability in problematic areas while preserving tilt control applicability in suitable areas.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

4Measurement precision

If multiple focus detection areas are used to calculate tilt angles, then focus information can be obtained across different regions, but user intervention is required to specify the target area or select preset modes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefocus information accuracyVSAvoidoperation simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies self-service by automatically determining which focus detection area to use based on the captured image content and evaluation values. The system autonomously selects the appropriate area without requiring user specification or mode selection, thereby maintaining focus information accuracy while eliminating the need for user intervention.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback by using evaluation values from multiple focus detection areas to automatically determine the optimal target area for tilt angle calculation. The system monitors the quality of focus information from different areas and autonomously selects the most suitable one, creating a self-adjusting operation system that maintains precision without requiring user input.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The apparatus effectively maintains an in-focus state across varying depths by detecting the tilt focal plane and determining the optimal tilt angle, allowing for automatic tilt control suitable for each imaging scene, even in complex depth scenarios without user intervention.

Implementation Method 1

an image sensor that tilts around a rotational axis in a horizontal direction or in a vertical direction, or both

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric conversion: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3648450B1Imaging apparatus
Publication Date: 2023.12.27 CANON KK
  • EP3648450B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3648450B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3B
  • EP3648450B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

An imaging apparatus includes a controller configured to change a tilt angle between an image sensor and a plane orthogonal to an optical axis of an optical system by adjusting a tilt of the image sensor or the optical system, an evaluation value acquirer configured to acquire contrast evaluation values of a plurality of areas in an image by changing the tilt angle through the controller, and a determiner configured to determine the tilt angle for each of the plurality of areas based on the contrast evaluation values of the plurality of areas acquired by the evaluation value acquirer, and to determine the tilt angle based on the tilt angle of each determined area. The controller adjusts the tilt of the image sensor or the optical system based on the tilt angle determined by the determiner.