Immune Cell Density Quantification for Solid Cancer Prognosis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for predicting the survival time of patients with solid cancers, such as lung cancer, are inadequate in accurately determining prognosis, leading to inefficient treatment protocols and potential over-treatment or under-treatment of patients.
Innovation Solution
An in vitro method that quantifies the density of CD8+ cells and DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells in tumor tissue samples, combined with the TNM staging classification, to provide a more accurate prognosis of survival time, allowing for personalized treatment approaches.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If current prognosis methods are used, then treatment protocols can be established, but the accuracy of survival time prediction is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The prognosis method segments the immune response into distinct measurable components: tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), dendritic cells (DC), and CD8+ T cells. Each component is quantified separately using specific immunohistochemical markers, allowing precise assessment of different aspects of anti-tumor immunity that collectively improve survival prediction accuracy
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses tertiary lymphoid structures as an intermediary indicator to assess the functional state of the immune system in the tumor microenvironment. TLS serve as a visible marker that mediates between tumor presence and immune response efficacy, providing measurable information about immune activation that correlates with patient prognosis
2Reliability
If aggressive treatments are applied to all patients, then survival rates may improve, but side effects increase and treatment efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by tailoring treatment intensity to individual patients based on their specific immune response characteristics. Patients with high TLS density and abundant DC/CD8+ cell infiltration receive less aggressive treatment, while those with low immune markers receive more intensive therapy, optimizing the balance between effectiveness and side effects for each individual case
3Measurement precision
If tumor-infiltrating immune cells are used as prognosis markers, then survival prediction can be improved, but the complexity of analysis increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs color-based immunohistochemical staining to visually distinguish and quantify different immune cell populations. CD8+ cells are identified by red staining, dendritic cells by green staining, and tertiary lymphoid structures by specific morphological features, allowing pathologists to assess complex immune parameters through standardized visual analysis rather than complicated molecular assays
Data Source
Figure 1A~1B
Figure 2A~2D
Figure 3A~3C
AI summary
The present invention relates to an in vitro method for the prognosis of survival of a patient suffering from a solid cancer, comprising the quantification of the cell density of CD8+ cells and DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells present in a tumor tissue sample from said patient, wherein a high density of CD8+ cells and DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells indicates that the patient has a favorable prognosis, a high density of CD8+ cells and a low density of DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells indicates that the patient has a poor prognosis, and a low density of CD8+ cells and DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells indicates that the patient has the worst prognosis.