Extracellular vesicles and particles from immune cells for providing anticancer activity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current cancer treatment strategies for glioblastomas are inadequate due to chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-resistant cell subpopulations and the inability to effectively target and eliminate distant tumor cells, with existing EV applications focusing on drug delivery rather than intrinsic anticancer properties.
Innovation Solution
A composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) derived from immune cells, stimulated by Toll-like receptor agonists and substrate stiffness, which includes exosomes, apoptotic bodies, and migrasomes, exhibiting intrinsic anticancer activity without the need for drug loading.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If EVs are used as drug delivery vehicles, then targeted drug delivery is achieved, but the complexity of modification processes increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and utilizes the intrinsic anticancer properties of EVs themselves, rather than relying on loaded drugs. The EVs are stimulated to produce migrasomes that naturally suppress cancer cells through their membrane components and cargo, eliminating the need for complex drug loading and modification processes while maintaining targeted delivery capability
Solution Approach 2:
The EVs serve themselves by utilizing their own structural components and stimulated migrasome formation to provide anticancer activity. The membrane lipids, proteins, and cargo within the EVs themselves mediate cancer cell suppression through direct interaction with tumor cells, without requiring external drug intervention
2Reliability
If multiple EV and EP populations are combined, then anticancer activity is enhanced, but the complexity of composition preparation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple EV and EP populations (exosomes, apoptotic bodies, migrasomes) into a single composition. These diverse vesicle types are collected together after stimulating immune cells, allowing their synergistic anticancer activities to work collectively while simplifying the overall preparation process compared to treating them separately
Solution Approach 2:
The composition exhibits multi-functionality by incorporating various EV and EP types that perform different anticancer functions. The mixture provides broad-spectrum cancer cell suppression through diverse mechanisms from different vesicle populations, making the composition universally effective against various cancer cell types
3Object-affected harmful factors
If EVs are derived from autologous immune cells, then immune rejection is avoided, but the yield and stability of EV composition decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the stimulation parameters of autologous immune cells (using Toll-like receptor agonists and substrate stiffness conditions) to optimize EV production. These controlled stimulation conditions enhance the yield and stability of EVs while maintaining autologous origin to avoid immune rejection, achieving both goals simultaneously
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention is related to the methods for obtaining compositions of extracellular vesicles and particles for providing an anticancer activity which consists of recognising and eliminating cancerous cells. The compositions are obtained by a set of methods that include immune cell stimulation by Toll-like receptor agonist, microenvironment stiffness and adhesion peptides, extracellular vesicle and particle collection, decreasing size of large extracellular vesicles for applicability adaptation and loading of an anticancer agent for delivery to cancer cells.